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Biol 230 Anatomy > Chapter 6: Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

6 Basic functions of skeletal system

A

Support
Protection
Assist in movement
Mineral homeostasis
Blood cell production
Triglyceride storage

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2
Q

Structure of long bone

A

Diaphysis
Epiphyses
Metaphyses
Articular cartilage
Periosteum
Medullary cavity
Endosteum

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3
Q

Diaphysis

A

The long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone. Also called shaft or body

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4
Q

Epiphyses

A

The proximal and distal ends of the bone.

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5
Q

Metaphyses

A

Region between diaphysis and epiphyses. Contains epiphyseal plate in growing bone.

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6
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint. Reduces friction and absorbs shock. Avascular.

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7
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough connective tissue sheath and it’s associated blood supply that surrounds the bone. Composed of outer fibrous layer and inner osteogenic layer.
Attached to bone by perforating fibres.

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8
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow and blood vessels.
Minimizes weight.

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9
Q

Endosteum

A

Thin membrane that lines medullary cavity and internal spaces of spongy bone.
Single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and small amount of connective tissue.

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10
Q

Bone tissue extracellular matrix

A

15% water
30% collagen fibres
55% crystallized mineral salts.
Most abundant mineral is calcium phosphate.

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11
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme.
Found in osteogenic layer of periosteum, the Endosteum, and canals that contain blood vessels.

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12
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone building cells. Synthesize and secrete collagen fibres and initiate calcification.

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13
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells. Maintain daily metabolism.

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14
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Concentrated in the Endosteum. Breaks down bone to release minerals into the body for homeostasis.

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15
Q

Compact bone

A

Strongest type of bone. Found beneath the periosteum of all bones and makes up bulk of the diaphysis.
Contains osteons.

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16
Q

Osteons

A

Contains bone lamellae arranged around osteonic canals. Contains concentric bone lamellae

17
Q

Concentric bone lamellae

A

Circular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing diameter. Surrounds blood vessels and nerves.
Part of osteons.

18
Q

Bone lacunae

A

Small spaces between concentric bone lamellae. Contains osteocytes.

19
Q

Bone canaliculi

A

Small channels that radiate out from the bone lacunae. Filled with ECF and processes of osteocytes.

20
Q

Interstitial bone lamellae

A

Areas between neighbouring osteons. Fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed.

21
Q

Circumferential bone lamellae

A

Arranged around the inner and outer circumference of the diaphysis.
Connected to periosteum by perforating fibres.

22
Q

Spongy bone

A

Does not contain osteons. Always located in the interior of bone. Consists of bone lamellae irregularly arranged called bone trabeculae.

23
Q

Perforating canal

A

Carries arteries from the periosteum into the bone.

24
Q

Transverse canals

A

Transport blood vessels from one osteonic canal to the next.

25
Q

Periosteal arteries

A

In the diaphysis of long bone. Accompanied by nerves.

26
Q

Nutrient artery

A

Enters compact bone at an oblique angle through the nutrient foramen. Passes through nutrient canal into the medullary cavity.

27
Q

Metaphyseal artery

A

Enters metaphyses of long bone and supplies red and yellow marrow along with the nutrient artery.

28
Q

Epiphyseal artery

A

Enters the epiphyses and supplies the red and yellow marrow as well as spongy bone of epiphyses.

29
Q

Intramembranous ossification steps

A

Development of the ossification centre
Calcification
Forming of bone trabeculae
Development of periosteum.

30
Q

Endochondral ossification steps

A

Development of the cartilage model.
Growth of the cartilage model.
Primary ossification centre development.
Medullary cavity development.
2ndary ossification centre develops.
Articular and epiphyseal formation.

31
Q

Epiphyseal plate zones

A

Resting cartilage
Proliferating cartilage
Hypertrophic cartilage
Calcified cartilage

Biol 230 Anatomy (18 decks)

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