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Biol 230 Anatomy > Chapter 1: Level Of Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Level Of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

6 most important life processes of the human body

A

Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction

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2
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms and molecules

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3
Q

Cellular level

A

Molecules combined to form cells. Many different types of cells.

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4
Q

Tissue level

A

Groups of cells and materials surrounding them working together for perform a function.

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5
Q

Organ level

A

Structures composed of 2 or more different types of tissues. Have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes.

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6
Q

System level

A

Consists of related organs with a common function.

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7
Q

Organism level

A

Any living individual

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8
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a relatively stable condition in the body’s environment

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9
Q

3 basic components of a feedback system

A

Receptor (afferent pathway)
Control centre (efferent pathway)
Effector (produces response)

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10
Q

Negative feedback system

A

Reverses a change in a controlled condition (IE regulation of BP)

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11
Q

Positive feedback system

A

Strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition (IE contractions during labour)

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12
Q

Disorder definition

A

Abnormality of structure or function

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13
Q

Disease definition

A

More specific term for illness characterized by recognizable set of signs and symptoms

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14
Q

Symptoms definition

A

Subjective. Changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer.

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15
Q

Signs definition

A

Objective. Changes that can be observed or measured.

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16
Q

Anatomical position

A

Subject standing erect, facing observer. Head level forward, lower limbs parallel to each other, feet planted. Upper limbs at the side, palms facing forward.

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17
Q

Prone position

A

Laying face down

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18
Q

Supine position

A

Laying face up

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19
Q

Superior definition

A

Toward the head, or upper part of a structure. Not used in reference to relative position to limbs.

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20
Q

Inferior definition

A

Away from the head or lower part of the structure. Not used in reference to position within limbs.

21
Q

Anterior definition

A

Nearer to or at the front of the body

22
Q

Posterior definition

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body

23
Q

Medial definition

A

Nearer to the midline of the body (imaginary line that divides body into equal left and right sides)

24
Q

Lateral definition

A

Farther from midline

25
Q

Intermediate definition

A

Between two structures

26
Q

Ipsilateral definition

A

On the same side of the body as another structure

27
Q

Contralateral definition

A

Opposite side of the body from another structure

28
Q

Proximal definition

A

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure

29
Q

Distal definition

A

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origin of a structure

30
Q

Superficial definition

A

Toward the surface of the body

31
Q

Deep definition

A

Away from the surface of the body

32
Q

Coronal plane

A

Separates the body or organ into anterior and posterior aspects.

33
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides organ into left and right sides.
Defined as median plane or midsagittal plane when equal on right and left sides.

34
Q

Median plane

A

Also known as midsagittal plane. Divides body or organ into equal left and right sides.

35
Q

Paramedian plane

A

Also known as parasagittal plane. Divides body into unequal left or right sides.

36
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body or organ into superior and inferior portions.
Also known as cross-sectional or horizontal plane.

37
Q

Oblique plane

A

Passes through body or organ at any angle other than a 90 degree angle.

38
Q

Body cavities

A

Cranial
Vertebral
Thoracic (pericardial, pleural, and mediastinum)
Abdominopevic (abdominal and pelvic)

39
Q

Viscera

A

Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

40
Q

Parts of serous membranes

A

Parietal (lines the walls of cavities)
Visceral (covers and adheres to the viscera within cavities)

41
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Formed by cranial bones. Contains brain

42
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Formed by vertebral column. Contains spinal cord and start of spinal nerves.

43
Q

Thoracic (pleural) cavity contents

A

Potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds lungs.

44
Q

Thoracic (pericardial) cavity contents

A

Potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart.

45
Q

Thoracic (mediastinum) cavity contents

A

Central portion between the lungs. Extends from sternum to vertebral column from first rib to diaphragm. Contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

46
Q

Abdominopelvic (abdominal) cavity

A

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

47
Q

Abdominopelvic (pelvic) cavity

A

Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, internal organs of reproduction

48
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

A

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac
Right lateral, umbilical, left lateral
Right inguinal, hypogastric, left inguinal

Biol 230 Anatomy (18 decks)

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