Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biol 230 Anatomy > Chapter 14: Brain Organization, Protection, And Supply > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Brain Organization, Protection, And Supply Flashcards

1
Q

Telencephalon

A

Develops into the cerebrum and lateral ventricles from the neural tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diencephalon

A

Forms the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and the third ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain and aqueduct of the midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons, cerebellum, and upper part of the 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Myencephalon

A

Medulla and lower part of the 4th ventricle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 major parts of the adult brain

A

Brainstem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Extension of the dura mater that separates the two hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

Extension of dura mater that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Dura mater extension that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Consists of tight junctions, a thick basement membrane, and processes of astrocytes.
Allows lipid soluble substances and water molecules across.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CSF

A

Protects the brain and spinal cord, Carries O2, glucose, and other chemicals.
Continuously circulates in the subarachnoid space.
80-150ml of fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 ventricles of the brain

A

2x lateral ventricles (separated by septum pellucidum)
1x third ventricle
1x fourth ventricle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CSF production

A

Choroid plexus in ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood-CSF barrier

A

Tight junctions between ependymal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Finger like extensions of the arachnoid mater that projects into the dural sinuses to reabsorb CSF into the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Medulla major nuclei

A

Cardiovascular centre
Medullary respiratory centre
Vomiting centre
Deglutition centre
Inferior olivary nucleus
Gustatory nucleus
Cochlear nuclei
Vestibular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Brainstem components

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5 cranial nerves associated with medulla

A

Vestibulocochlear (CN8)
Glossopharyngeal (CN9)
Vagus (CN10)
Accessory (CN11)
Hypoglossal (CN12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inferior olivary nucleus

A

Received input from cerebral cortex, red nucleus of midbrain, and spinal cord.
Provides instructions to cerebellum on adjustments to movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus

A

Posterior part of medulla. Received info on touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pons major structures

A

Pontine nuclei
Pontine respiratory group
Trigeminal (CN5)
Abducens (CN6)
Facial (CN7)
Vestibulocochlear (CN8)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Midbrain major structures

A

Cerebral peduncles
Tectum
Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
Substantia nigra
Red nuclei
Oculomotor (CN3)
Trochlear (CN4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

Anterior part of midbrain
Consists of axons of corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine tracts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Superior colliculi

A

Midbrain. Serves as a visual reflex centre.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Inferior colliculi
Midbrain. Serves as part of the auditory pathway. Auditory reflex.
26
Substantia nigra
Midbrain. Neurons release dopamine extending to the corpus striatum. Helps control subconscious muscle activities.
27
Red nuclei
Midbrain. Axons from cerebellum and cerebral cortex synapse here. Helps control muscle movements.
28
Reticular formation
Extends from superior part of spinal cord, throughout Brainstem, into inferior part of diencephalon. Contains reticular activating system, responsible for consciousness and muscle tone.
29
Cerebellum lobes
Anterior (skeletal muscle movements) Posterior (skeletal muscle movements) Flocculonodular (equilibrium and balance)
30
Main functions of cerebellum
Evaluate muscle movements Coordinate skilled muscle movements Regulate posture and balance
31
7 major groups of nuclei within the thalamus
Anterior nucleus Medial nuclei Lateral group Ventral group Intralaminar nuclei Periventricular nucleus Reticular nucleus of prethalamus
32
Thalamus main functions
Relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the cerebrum. Contributes to motor function Maintenance of consciousness
33
Major nuclei of hypothalamus
Mammillary nuclei Infundibular stalk Median eminence Paraventricular nucleus Supraoptic nucleus Medial and lateral pre optic nuclei
34
4 major regions of hypothalamus
Posterior hypothalamic Intermediate hypothalamic Anterior hypothalamic Preoptic
35
Important functions of the hypothalamus
Control of ANS Production of hormones Regulation of emotions and behaviour. Regulation of eating/drinking Control of body temperature Regulation of circadian rhythm
36
Epithalamus
Contains pineal gland and habenular nuclei
37
Circumventricular organs
Lie around 3rd ventricle. Lack BBB. Includes part of hypothalamus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland.
38
Major grooves of cerebral cortex
Cerebral gyri Cerebral sulci Interlobar sulci Cerebral fissures
39
Corpus callosum
Connects the hemispheres internally.
40
Cerebral white matter tracts
Association tracts Commissural tracts Projection tracts.
41
Corpus striatum (basal nuclei)
Deep within cerebral hemispheres. Consists of globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nucleus. Helps regulate initiation and termination of movements, attention, memory, and planning.
42
Main components of the limbic system
Limbic lobe (cingulate gyrus, hippocampus) Dentate gyrus Amygdala Septal nuclei Mammillary bodies Olfactory bulbs
43
Main function of limbic system
Primary role in emotions including pain, pleasure, docility, affection, anger. Also role in smell and memory.
44
Main sensory areas of cerebral cortex
Primary somatosensory Primary visual Primary auditory Gustatory Olfactory
45
Main motor areas of cerebral cortex
Primary motor Premotor Brocas Frontal eye field
46
Main association areas of cerebral cortex
Somatosensory association Visual association Facial recognition Auditory association Orbitofrontal Wernickes Common integrative Prefrontal
47
Primary somatosensory cortex
Posterior to central cerebral sulcus in parietal lobe. Contains “sensory homunculus”
48
Primary visual cortex
Posterior tip of occipital lobe. Receives visual information and involved in visual perception.
49
Primary auditory cortex
Superior part of temporal lobe. Receives sound information, involved in sound perception.
50
Gustatory cortex
Located in insula. Receives taste info, involved in taste perception and discrimination
51
Olfactory cortex
Located in temporal lobe. Receives info on smell and involved in smell perception
52
Primary motor cortex
Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe. Contains motor homunculus.
53
Premotor cortex
Immediately anterior to primary motor cortex in frontal lobe. Sends planned movements to motor cortex and involved in memory of movements.
54
Broca’s area
Frontal lobe close to lateral sulcus. Sends info to premotor regions to coordinate muscle movement required for speech.
55
Frontal eye field
Partially in and anterior to premotor cortex. Controls voluntary scanning eye movements.
56
Somatosensory association area
Posterior to primary somatosensory cortex. Involved in touch sensation discrimination and touch memory.
57
Visual association area
In occipital lobe. Related present and past visual experiences, responsible to recognizing and evaluating what is seen.
58
Facial recognition area
Inferior temporal lobe. Facial recognition and memory
59
Auditory association area
Inferior and posterior to primary auditory cortex. Allows recognition of sound
60
Orbitofrontal cortex
Lateral frontal lobe. Helps identify and discriminate smells
61
Wernickes area
temporal and parietal lobes. Interprets speech
62
Common integrative area
Bordered by somatosensory, visual, and auditory association areas. Integrates sensory interpretations allowing formation of thoughts
63
Prefrontal cortex
Anterior frontal lobe. Makes up personality, intellect, complex learning ability, recall of information, initiative, judgement, etc. (higher function)
64
5 motor cranial nerves
Oculomotor (CN3) Trochlear (CN4) Abducens (CN6) Accessory (CN11) Hypoglossal (CN12)
65
3 sensory cranial nerves
Olfactory (CN1) Optic (CN2) Vestibulocochlear (CN8)
66
4 mixed cranial nerves
Trigeminal (CN5) Facial (CN7) Glossopharyngeal (CN9) Vagus (CN10)

Biol 230 Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions