Chapter 11: The Muscular System

Question 1

Origin

Answer 1

The attachment of a muscles tendons to the stationary bone

Question 2

Insertion

Answer 2

The attachment of a muscles tendon to the moveable bone.

Question 3

Body

Answer 3

The fleshy portion of a muscle between the tendons.

Question 4

Actions of a muscle

Answer 4

The main movements that occur when the muscle contracts.

Question 5

Reverse muscle action

Answer 5

When the body of actions are reversed during specific movements. The origin and insertion of the muscle are switched.

Question 6

Lever

Answer 6

A rigid structure that can be moved around a fulcrum.

Question 7

Fulcrum

Answer 7

A fixed point in which the lever moves around.

Question 8

Effort

Answer 8

The force which causes movement within a lever.

Question 9

Load

Answer 9

The resistance which opposes movement within a lever.

Question 10

Mechanical advantage

Answer 10

The load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is further from the fulcrum.

Question 11

Mechanical disadvantage

Answer 11

The load is further from the fulcrum and the effort is applied closer to the fulcrum.

Question 12

3 categories of levers

Answer 12

First class
Second class
Third class.

Question 13

First class lever

Answer 13

Fulcrum is between the effort and the load.
Produces mechanical advantage or disadvantage depending on which is closer to the fulcrum.

Question 14

Second class levers

Answer 14

The load is between the fulcrum and the effort.
Mechanical advantage.
Sacrifices speed and ROM for power

Question 15

Third class levers

Answer 15

Effort is between the fulcrum and the load.
Mechanical disadvantage.
Sacrifices power for speed and ROM.

Question 16

Prime mover

Answer 16

Contracts to cause action of a muscle

Question 17

Antagonist

Answer 17

Stretches and yields to the effects of a prime mover.

Question 18

Parallel arrangement

Answer 18

Muscle fascicles are parallel to the longitudinal axis. Terminate at either end in flat tendons.

Question 19

Fusiform arrangement

Answer 19

Fascicles nearly parallel to longitudinal axis. Terminate in flat tendons. Muscle tapers toward tendons.

Question 20

Circular arrangement

Answer 20

Fascicles in concentric circular arrangements form sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice.

Question 21

Triangular arrangement

Answer 21

Fascicles spread over broad area coverage at thick central tendon.

Question 22

Pennate arrangement

Answer 22

Short fascicles in relation to total muscle length. Tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle.

Question 23

Unipennate arrangement

Answer 23

Muscle fascicles arranged on only one side of tendon

Question 24

Bipennate

Answer 24

Muscle fascicles arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons.

Question 25

Multipennate arrangement

Answer 25

Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons.

Question 26

Synergist

Answer 26

Prevent unwanted movements at intermediate joints. Aids prime mover.

Question 27

Fixators

Answer 27

Stabilizing the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently

Question 28

Compartment

Answer 28

Group of skeletal muscles, associated blood vessels, and nerves all of which have a common function.

Question 29

Rectus

Answer 29

Parallel to midline

Question 30

Transverse

Answer 30

Perpendicular to midline

Question 31

Oblique

Answer 31

Diagonal to midline

Question 32

Maximus

Answer 32

Largest

Question 33

Minimus

Answer 33

Smallest

Question 34

Longus

Answer 34

Long

Question 35

Brevis

Answer 35

Short

Question 36

Latissimus

Answer 36

Widest

Question 37

Longissimus

Answer 37

Longest

Question 38

Magnus

Answer 38

Large

Question 39

Major

Answer 39

Larger

Question 40

Minor

Answer 40

Smaller

Question 41

Vastus

Answer 41

Huge

Question 42

Deltoid

Answer 42

Triangular

Question 43

Trapezius

Answer 43

Trapezoid

Question 44

Serratus

Answer 44

Saw-toothed

Question 45

Rhomboid

Answer 45

Diamond shaped

Question 46

Orbicularis

Answer 46

Circular

Question 47

Pectinate

Answer 47

Comblike

Question 48

Piriformis

Answer 48

Pear shaped

Question 49

Platys

Answer 49

Pear shaped

Question 50

Quadratus

Answer 50

Square, four sided.

Question 51

Gracilis

Answer 51

Slender

Question 52

Flexor

Answer 52

Decreases joint angle

Question 53

Extensor

Answer 53

Increases joint angle

Question 54

Abductor

Answer 54

Moves bone away from midline

Question 55

Adductor

Answer 55

Moves bone closer to midline

Question 56

Levator

Answer 56

Raises or elevates the body part

Question 57

Depressor

Answer 57

Lowers or depresses body part

Question 58

Supinator

Answer 58

Turns palm anteriorly

Question 59

Pronator

Answer 59

Turns palm posteriorly

Question 60

Sphincter

Answer 60

Decreases size of an opening

Question 61

Tensor

Answer 61

Makes a body part rigid

Question 62

Rotator

Answer 62

Rotates bone around longitudinal access.

Question 63

Biceps

Answer 63

Two origins

Question 64

Triceps

Answer 64

Three origins

Question 65

Quadriceps

Answer 65

4 origins.

Question 66

Characteristics used to name muscles

Answer 66

Direction Size Shape Action Number of origins Location Origin and insertion