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Biol 230 Anatomy > Chapter 13: Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of protection for CNS

A

Skull & vertebrae
Meninges
CSF

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2
Q

Dura mater

A

Outermost layer.
Dense irregular connective tissue.
Continuous with epineurium.

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3
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer. Thin, avascular. Composed of cells and loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibres.

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4
Q

Pia mater

A

Innermost layer. Adheres to brain and spinal cord. Consist of cuboidal or squamous cells within collagen and some elastic fibres.
Contains many blood vessels.

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5
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

Thickenings of pia mater. Project laterally and fuse with arachnoid mater and inner surface of dura mater.
Protects spinal cord from sudden displacement.

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6
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

Extends from C4 to T1.

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7
Q

Lumbosacral enlargement

A

Extends from T9-T12

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8
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Tapering of spinal cord, ending between L1 and L2

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9
Q

Filum terminale

A

Extension of the pia mater that extends inferiorly and fuses with arachnoid mater and dura mater. Anchors spinal cord to the coccyx.

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10
Q

Number of spinal nerves (pairs)

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
31 in total

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11
Q

Roots

A

Connects spinal nerve to a segment of the spinal cord via rootlets.

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12
Q

Posterior root and rootlets

A

Contains only sensory axons.

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13
Q

Dorsal spinal root ganglion

A

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons.

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14
Q

Anterior root and rootlets

A

Contains axons of motor neurons.

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15
Q

Anterior median fissure

A

Wide groove on the ventral part of spinal cord.

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16
Q

Posterior median sulcus

A

Narrow furrow on the dorsal side of spinal cord.

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17
Q

Gray matter of spinal cord

A

Contains dendrites and cell bodies of neurons, unmyelinated axons, and neuroglia.

18
Q

Gray commissure.

A

Forms the cross bar of the “H” in the gray matter.
Contains central canal filled with CSF, and which is continuous with the 4th ventricle

19
Q

Anterior white commissure

A

Connects the white matter of the spinal cord between left and right sides.

20
Q

Posterior gray horn

A

Contains axons of sensory neurons as well as cell bodies and axons of interneurons

21
Q

Anterior gray horn

A

Contains somatic motor nuclei.

22
Q

Lateral gray horn

A

Present in thoracic, lumbar, and mid sacral regions.
Containers autonomic motor nuclei.

23
Q

3 funiculi

A

Anterior white funiculi
Posterior white funiculi
Lateral white funiculi

24
Q

Funiculi

A

Contains bundles of axons having a funiculus origin or destination.
Bundles known as tracts (or fasciculi)

25
Q

Endoneurium

A

Consists of collagen, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Covers individual axons.

26
Q

Nerve fascicle

A

Groups of axons with their endoneurium held together in bundles.

27
Q

Perineurium

A

Wraps around nerve fascicles. Consists of up to 15 layers of fibroblasts within a network of collagen.

28
Q

Epineurium

A

Outermost layer.
Consists of fibroblasts and thick collagen fibres. Fuses with dura mater. Fills spaces between nerve fascicles.

29
Q

Rami

A

Division of spinal nerves shortly after it passes through intervertebral foramen.

30
Q

Posterior ramus

A

Serves deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk.

31
Q

Anterior ramus

A

Serves muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs and skin of the lateral and anterior surfaces of the trunk.

32
Q

Meningeal branch

A

Reenters the vertebral cavity through the intervertebral foramen. Supplies the vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of spinal cord, and meninges.

33
Q

Communicating rami

A

Supplies components of the ANS

34
Q

5 plexuses

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

35
Q

Intercostal nerves

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves T2-T12 since they do not enter into a plexus.
Directly connects to the structures they supply.

36
Q

Cervical plexus

A

Formed by roots of C1-4 and some of C5.
Supplies skin and muscle of head, neck, superior shoulders and chest, and phrenic nerve.
Also runs parallel to CN XI and XII

37
Q

Brachial plexus

A

Roots of C5-8, and T1.
Forms superior, middle, and inferior trunks. Trunks diverge into anterior and posterior divisions. Divisions unite to lateral, medial, and posterior cords.

38
Q

5 terminal branches of brachial plexus

A

Axillary nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve.

39
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

Roots of L1-4.
Supplies anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals, and part of lower limbs.

40
Q

Sacral plexus

A

Root of L4-5 and S1-4.
Sciatic nerve arises from this plexus.

41
Q

Coccygeal plexus

A

Roots of S4-5, and coccygeal nerves.
Anococcygeal nerves arise from this plexus.

Biol 230 Anatomy (18 decks)

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