Chapter 20: The Heart

Question 1

Pericardium

Answer 1

Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. Consists of:
Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium.

Question 2

Serous pericardium

Answer 2

Consists of:
Parietal layer
Visceral layer (also known as epicardium)

Question 3

Epicardium

Answer 3

Also called visceral layer of serous pericardium. Contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

Question 4

Auricle

Answer 4

Anterior pouch like structure of each atrium. Increases capacity of atria.

Question 5

Coronary sulcus

Answer 5

Encircles most of the heart. Marks the external boundary between the atria and ventricles.

Question 6

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 6

Shallow groove on the anterior portion of the heart. Marks the external anterior boundary between left and right ventricles.

Question 7

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 7

Marks the external boundary between the left and right ventricles on the posterior side of the heart.

Question 8

Right atrium

Answer 8

Receives deoxygenated blood. Posterior wall is smooth, anterior wall is rough due to pectinate muscles.

Question 9

Right atrioventricular valve

Answer 9

Also known as tricuspid valve. Separates right atrium from right ventricle.

Question 10

Right ventricle

Answer 10

Forms most of the anterior surface of the heart. Contains trabeculae carnae, which contains part of the conduction system.
Pumps blood to lungs.

Question 11

Left atrium

Answer 11

Receives oxygenated blood. Has a smooth posterior wall.

Question 12

Left atrioventricular valve

Answer 12

Also known as bicuspid or mitral valve. Separates left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 13

Left ventricle

Answer 13

Pumps oxygenated blood systemically.
Thickest chamber. Forms the apex. Contains chordae tendinae.

Question 14

Fibrous skeleton of the heart

Answer 14

Four dense connective tissue rings that surround the valves of the heart, fuse with one another, and merge with interventricular septum.
Prevents overstretching, acts as electrical insulator.

Question 15

AV valves

Answer 15

Project into ventricles. When ventricles and papillary muscles contract, cordae tendineae tighten, preventing prolapse. Prevents blood from back flowing into atria.

Question 16

Semilunar valves

Answer 16

Prevent blood from back flowing into ventricles. Project into lumen of artery.

Question 17

Left coronary artery

Answer 17

Passes inferior to left auricle and divides into the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries.

Question 18

Anterior interventricular artery

Answer 18

Also known as LAD. In anterior interventricular sulcus. Supplies both ventricles.

Question 19

Circumflex artery

Answer 19

Lies in coronary sulcus. Supplies the left ventricle and left atrium.

Question 20

Right coronary artery

Answer 20

Supplies right atrium. Divides into posterior interventricular and marginal branches.

Question 21

Inferior interventricular artery

Answer 21

Follows posterior interventricular sulcus. Supplies both ventricles.

Question 22

Marginal branch

Answer 22

Runs along right margin of heart and supplies right ventricle.

Question 23

Anastomoses

Answer 23

Provide alternate routes for blood to reach a particular organ or tissue.

Question 24

Great coronary vein

Answer 24

In anterior interventricular sulcus which drains areas of the heart supplies by the LCA.

Question 25

Middle cardiac vein

Answer 25

Posterior interventricular sulcus. Drains areas supplied by the inferior interventricular artery of the RCA.

Question 26

Small cardiac vein

Answer 26

In the coronary sulcus. Drains the right atrium and right ventricle.

Question 27

Anterior cardiac vein

Answer 27

Drains the right ventricle and opens directly into the right atrium

Question 28

Regulation of heart rate

Answer 28

Cardiovascular centre in medulla receives information from:
Proprioceptors
Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors
Sends via:
Cardiac accelerator nerves and vagus nerve.