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EMT FF Class > Chapter 6 Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Key Terms

the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

A

Acetabulum

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2
Q

Key Terms

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

A

Acromioclavicular Joint

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3
Q

Key Terms

the highest portion of the shoulder

A

Acromion Process

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4
Q

Key Terms

the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place

A

Alveoli

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5
Q

Key Terms

The study of body structure

A

Anatomy

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6
Q

Key Terms

The largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation

A

Aorta

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7
Q

Key Terms

a small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function of which is not well understood. Its inflammation, called appendicitis, is a common cause of abdominal pain

A

Appendix

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8
Q

Key Terms

the smallest kind of artery

A

Arteriole

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9
Q

Key Terms

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

A

Artery

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10
Q

Key Terms

the two upper chambers in the heart. There is a right atrium (which receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and a left atrium (which receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs). “Singular” atrium

A

Atria

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11
Q

Key Terms

the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own

A

Automaticity

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12
Q

Key Terms

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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13
Q

Key Terms

the round sac-like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine

A

Bladder

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14
Q

Key Terms

the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure (the pressure in the artery) is measured

A

Blood Pressure

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15
Q

Key Terms

artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR

A

Brachial Artery

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16
Q

Key Terms

the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left _______. Singular “bronchus.”

A

Bronchi

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17
Q

Key Terms

the heel bone

A

Calcaneus

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18
Q

Key Terms

a thin walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells takes place

A

Capillary

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19
Q

Key Terms

a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

A

Cardiac Conduction System

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20
Q

Key Terms

specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle

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21
Q

Key Terms

the system made up of the heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular). Sometimes called the circulatory system

A

Cardiovascular System

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22
Q

Key Terms

the large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head

A

Carotid Arteries

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23
Q

Key Terms

the wrist bones

A

Carpals

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24
Q

Key Terms

the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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25
Q

Key Terms

the carotid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in the central part of the body

A

Central Pulses

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26
Q

Key Terms

the collarbone

A

Clavicle

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27
Q

Key Terms

blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium)

A

Coronary Arteries

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28
Q

Key Terms

the top, back, and sides of the skull

A

Cranium

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29
Q

Key Terms

the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

A

Cricoid Cartilage

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30
Q

Key Terms

the inner (second) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis

A

Dermis

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31
Q

Key Terms

the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration

A

Diaphragm

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32
Q

Key Terms

the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

A

Diastolic Blood Pressure

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33
Q

Key Terms

system by which food travels through the body and is digested, or broken down into absorbable forms

A

Digestive System

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34
Q

Key Terms

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

A

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

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35
Q

Key Terms

system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions

A

Endocrine System

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36
Q

Key Terms

the outer layer of skin

A

Epidermis

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37
Q

Key Terms

a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter form entering the trachea

A

Epiglottis

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38
Q

Key Terms

a hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions

A

Epinephrine

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39
Q

Key Terms

a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs

A

Exhalation

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40
Q

Key Terms

the major artery supplying the leg

A

Femoral Artery

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41
Q

Key Terms

the large bone of the thigh

A

Femur

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42
Q

Key Terms

the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

A

Fibula

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43
Q

Key Terms

a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver

A

Gallbladder

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44
Q

Key Terms

the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow

A

Humerus

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45
Q

Key Terms

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also called “shock”

A

Hypoperfusion

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46
Q

Key Terms

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

A

Ilium

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47
Q

Key Terms

an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

A

Inhalation

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48
Q

Key Terms

a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

A

Insulin

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49
Q

Key Terms

muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled

A

Involuntary Muscle

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50
Q

Key Terms

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

A

Ischium

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51
Q

Key Terms

the point where two bones come together

A

Joint

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52
Q

Key Terms

organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body

A

Kidneys

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53
Q

Key Terms

the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body

A

Large Intestine

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54
Q

Key Terms

the voice box

A

Larynx

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55
Q

Key Terms

tissue that connects bone to bone

A

Ligament

56
Q

Key Terms

the largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body

A

Liver

57
Q

Key Terms

the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place

A

Lungs

58
Q

Key Terms

the system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body’s immune system

A

Lymphatic System

59
Q

Key Terms

protrusion on the side of the ankle. The “lateral _________”, at the lower end of the fibula, is seen on the outer ankle; the “medial _________”, at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle

A

Malleolus

60
Q

Key Terms

the lower jaw-bone

A

Mandible

61
Q

Key Terms

the superior portion of the sternum

A

Manubrium

62
Q

Key Terms

the two fused bones forming the upper jaw

A

Maxillae

63
Q

Key Terms

the hand bones

A

Metacarpals

64
Q

Key Terms

the foot bones

A

Metatarsals

65
Q

Key Terms

tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part

A

Muscle

66
Q

Key Terms

the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

A

Musculoskeletal System

67
Q

Key Terms

the nose bones

A

Nasal Bones

68
Q

Key Terms

the area directly posterior to the nose

A

Nasopharynx

69
Q

Key Terms

the system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought

A

Nervous System

70
Q

Key Terms

the bony structures around the eyes; the eye sockets

A

Orbits

71
Q

Key Terms

the area directly posterior to the mouth

A

Oropharynx

72
Q

Key Terms

egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system

A

Ovaries

73
Q

Key Terms

a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine

A

Pancreas

74
Q

Key Terms

the kneecap

A

Patella

75
Q

Key Terms

the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities

A

Pelvis

76
Q

Key Terms

the organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm

A

Penis

77
Q

Key Terms

the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

A

Perfusion

78
Q

Key Terms

the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

79
Q

Key Terms

the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body

A

Peripheral Pulses

80
Q

Key Terms

the toe bones and finger bones

A

Phalanges

81
Q

Key Terms

the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx

A

Pharynx

82
Q

Key Terms

the study of body function

A

Physiology

83
Q

Key Terms

the fluid portion of the blood

A

Plasma

84
Q

Key Terms

components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells

A

Platelets

85
Q

Key Terms

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

A

Posterior Tibial Artery

86
Q

Key Terms

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

A

Pubis

87
Q

Key Terms

the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary Arteries

88
Q

Key Terms

the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

A

Pulmonary Veins

89
Q

Key Terms

the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

A

Pulse

90
Q

Key Terms

artery of the lower arm; the artery felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist

A

Radial Artery

91
Q

Key Terms

the lateral bone of the forearm

A

Radius

92
Q

Key Terms

components of the blood. They carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells

A

Red Blood Cells

93
Q

Key Terms

the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood. Also called the “urinary system”

A

Renal System

94
Q

Key Terms

the body system that is responsible for human reproduction

A

Reproductive System

95
Q

Key Terms

the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells

A

Respiration

96
Q

Key Terms

the system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory System

97
Q

Key Terms

the shoulder blade

A

Scapula

98
Q

Key Terms

Hypoperfusion

A

Shock

99
Q

Key Terms

the bones of the body

A

Skeleton

100
Q

Key Terms

the layer of tissue between the body and the external environment

A

Skin

101
Q

Key Terms

the bony structure of the head

A

Skull

102
Q

Key Terms

the muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls

A

Small Intestine

103
Q

Key Terms

an organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood

A

Spleen

104
Q

Key Terms

the breastbone

A

Sternum

105
Q

Key Terms

muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins

A

Stomach

106
Q

Key Terms

the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

A

Subcutaneous Layers

107
Q

Key Terms

the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation

A

Systolic Blood Pressure

108
Q

Key Terms

the ankle bones

A

Tarsals

109
Q

Key Terms

tissue that connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

110
Q

Key Terms

the male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm

A

Testes

111
Q

Key Terms

the chest

A

Thorax

112
Q

Key Terms

the wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid Cartilage

113
Q

Key Terms

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

A

Tibia

114
Q

Key Terms

the trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities

A

Torso

115
Q

Key Terms

the “windpipe”; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

A

Trachea

116
Q

Key Terms

the medial bone of the forearm

A

Ulna

117
Q

Key Terms

the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureters

118
Q

Key Terms

tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine

A

Urethra

119
Q

Key Terms

female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus

A

Uterus

120
Q

Key Terms

the female organ of reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus

A

Vagina

121
Q

Key Terms

a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction

A

Valve

122
Q

Key Terms

any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

A

Vein

123
Q

Key Terms

the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. These two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium. “Singular” vena cava

A

Venae Cavae

124
Q

Key Terms

the process of moving gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood

A

Ventilation

125
Q

Key Terms

the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right ventricle (which sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs) and a left ventricle (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body)

A

Ventricles

126
Q

Key Terms

the smallest kind of vein

A

Venule

127
Q

Key Terms

the thirty-three bones of the spinal column

A

Vertebrae

128
Q

Key Terms

muscle that can be consciously controlled

A

Voluntary Muscle

129
Q

Key Terms

components of the blood. They produce substances that help the body fight infection

A

White Blood Cells

130
Q

Key Terms

the inferior portion of the sternum (breastbone)

A

Xiphoid Process

131
Q

Key Terms

bones that form the structure of the cheeks

A

Zygomatic Arches

132
Q

Short Answer

List the three functions of the musculoskeletal system.

A

The musculoskeletal system functions to give the body shape, to protect vital internal organs, and to provide for body movement.

133
Q

Short Answer

Name the five divisions of the spine, and describe the location of each.
The five divisions of the spine and their locations are:

A
  • Cervical: neck
  • Thoracic: upper back
  • Lumbar: lower back
  • Sacral: posterior pelvis
  • Coccyx: distal spine, posterior pelvis
134
Q

Short Answer

Describe the physical processes of inhalation and exhalation.

A

During inhalation, the muscles of the rib cage and the diaphragm contract. The diaphragm lowers, and the ribs move upward and outward, which expands the chest and creates a negative pressure inside the chest cavity that pulls air into the lungs. During exhalation, the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax. The ribs move downward and inward, while the diaphragm rises, causing the chest to decrease in size and positive pressure to build inside the chest cavity, which pushes air out of the lungs.

135
Q

Short Answer

List four places a peripheral pulse may be felt.

A

The four places where a peripheral pulse may be palpated are the radial, brachial, dorsalis pedis, and the posterior tibial.

136
Q

Short Answer

Describe the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

A

The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain receives information from the body and, in turn, sends impulses to different areas of the body to respond to internal and external changes. The spinal cord rests within the spinal column and stretches from the brain to the lumbar vertebrae. Nerves branch from each part of the cord and reach throughout the body. The peripheral nervous system consists of two types of nerves: sensory and motor. The sensory nerves pick up information from throughout the body and transmit it to the spinal cord and brain. The motor nerves carry messages from the brain to the body.

137
Q

Short Answer

List three functions of the skin.

A

The functions of the skin include protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, and shock absorption.

EMT FF Class (71 decks)

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