Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EMT FF Class > Biloxi EMT Ch 18 Neurological Emergencies > Flashcards

Biloxi EMT Ch 18 Neurological Emergencies Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

A __________ is typically characterized by unconsciousness and a generalized severe twitching of all of the body’s muscles that lasts several minutes or longer.

a. stroke
b. postictal state
c. simple partial seizure
d. generalized seizure

A

d. generalized seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The __________ controls the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and pupil constriction.

a. brainstem
b. cerebellum
c. cerebrum
d. spinal cord

A

a. brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At each vertebra in the neck and back, _________ nerves, called spinal nerves, branch out from the spinal cord and carry signals to and from the body.

a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five

A

a. two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All of the following are associated with altered mental status EXCEPT:

a. coma
b. seizure
c. incontinence
d. intoxication

A

c. incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel, the result is:

a. a hemorrhagic stroke
b. atherosclerosis
c. an ischemic stroke
d. a cerebral embolism

A

c. an ischemic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The patients who are at the highest risk of hemorrhagic stroke are those who have:

a. untreated hypertension
b. hypotension
c. diabetes
d. atherosclerosis

A

a. untreated hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patients with a ruptured aneurysm typically complain of a sudden severe:

a. bout of dizziness
b. headache
c. altered mental status
d. thirst

A

b. headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The plaque that builds up in atherosclerosis obstructs blood flow and interferes with the vessel’s ability to:

a. constrict
b. dilate
c. diffuse
d. exchange gases

A

b. dilate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A transient ischemic attack (TIA), or mini-stroke, is the name given to a stroke when symptoms go away on their own in less than:

a. half an hour
b. 1 hour
c. 12 hours
d. 24 hours

A

d. 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Patients with a decreased level of consciousness:

a. should not be given anything by mouth
b. should be given glucose regardless of the underlying condition
c. do not require medical care
d. require immediate assessment of their pupils

A

a. should not be given anything by mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypoglycemia can mimic conditions such as:

a. cystic fibrosis
b. myocardial infarction
c. high fevers
d. stroke

A

d. stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When assessing a patient with a history of seizure activity, it is important to:

a. determine whether this episode differs from any previous ones
b. ask if the patient has had any recent surgeries
c. assess whether the patient has swallowed his or her tongue
d. ask whether anyone else in the household has had a seizure

A

a. determine whether this episode differs from any previous ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs and symptoms of possible seizure activity include all of the following except:

a. altered mental status
b. incontinence
c. muscle rigidity and twitching
d. petechiae

A

d. petechiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Common causes of altered mental status include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. body temperature abnormalities
b. hypoxia
c. unequal pupils
d. hypoglycemia

A

c. unequal pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The principal difference between a patient who has had a stroke and a patient with hypoglycemia almost always has to do with the:

a. papillary response
b. mental status
c. communication
d. capillary refill time

A

b. mental status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Consider the possibility of ___________ in a patient who has had a seizure.

a. hyperkalemia
b. hyperglycemia
c. hypoglycemia
d. hypertension

A

c. hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

___________ headaches are thought to be caused by changes in blood vessel size in the base of the brain.

a. Sinus
b. Tension
c. Migraine
d. Compression

A

c. Migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and seizures are all considered early signs of:

a. increased intracranial pressure
b. decreased intracranial pressure
c. increased extracranial pressure
d. decreased extracranial pressure

A

a. increased intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

People with ___________ have a higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

a. uncontrolled hyperglycemia
b. uncontrolled hypertension
c. high fever
d. meningitis

A

b. uncontrolled hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Headaches caused by muscle contraction in the head and neck are typically associated with:

a. sinus headaches
b. migraine headaches
c. compression headaches
d. tension headaches

A

d. tension headaches

21
Q

The following conditions may simulate a stroke EXCEPT:

a. hyperglycemia
b. a postictal state
c. hypoglycemia
d. subdural bleeding

A

a. hyperglycemia

22
Q

When assessing a patient with a possible cerebrovascular accident (CVA), you should check the ________ first.

a. pulse
b. airway
c. pupils
d. blood pressure

A

b. airway

23
Q

A ________ is usually a warning sign that a larger, significant stroke may occur in the future.

a. heart attack
b. seizure
c. transient ischemic attack
d. migraine headache

A

c. transient ischemic attack

24
Q

Which mnemonic is used to check a patient’s mental status?

a. OPQRST
b. SAMPLE
c. AVPU
d. PEARLL

A

c. AVPU

25
Q

You are called to a home and find a 56-year-old woman supine in her bed. She appears alert but has slurred speech. Her family tells you she has a history of TIAs and hypertension. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 174/116, heart rate 112 beats/minute, respiratory rate 16 breaths/minute, SpO2 95%, and blood glucose 97mg/dL.

How would you best determine the probability of this patient having a stroke?

a. By using AVPU
b. By using the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
c. By using the Glasgow Coma Scale
d. By assessing her blood glucose

A

b. By using the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale

26
Q

You are called to a home and find a 56-year-old woman supine in her bed. She appears alert but has slurred speech. Her family tells you she has a history of TIAs and hypertension. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 174/116, heart rate 112 beats/minute, respiratory rate 16 breaths/minute, SpO2 95%, and blood glucose 97mg/dL.

Which of the following would NOT be pertinent information regarding her condition?

a. Knowing the time of the onset of symptoms
b. Gathering a list of patient medications
c. Determining if the patient has a facial droop
d. Asking the patient about childhood illnesses

A

d. Asking the patient about childhood illnesses

27
Q

You are called to a home and find a 56-year-old woman supine in her bed. She appears alert but has slurred speech. Her family tells you she has a history of TIAs and hypertension. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 174/116, heart rate 112 beats/minute, respiratory rate 16 breaths/minute, SpO2 95%, and blood glucose 97mg/dL.

You ask the patient, “What day is it today?” Her reply is “butterfly.” Which area of the brain is likely affected?

a. Occipital lobe
b. Left hemisphere
c. Cerebellum
d. Right hemisphere

A

b. Left hemisphere

28
Q

You are called to a home and find a 56-year-old woman supine in her bed. She appears alert but has slurred speech. Her family tells you she has a history of TIAs and hypertension. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 174/116, heart rate 112 beats/minute, respiratory rate 16 breaths/minute, SpO2 95%, and blood glucose 97mg/dL.

If the receiving facility told you the cause of her stroke was due to a buildup of calcium and cholesterol, forming a plaque inside the walls of her blood vessels, you would know that this patient has:

a. atherosclerosis
b. multiple sclerosis
c. polyarteritis
d. liver dysfunction

A

a. atherosclerosis

29
Q

You are called to a home and find a 56-year-old woman supine in her bed. She appears alert but has slurred speech. Her family tells you she has a history of TIAs and hypertension. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 174/116, heart rate 112 beats/minute, respiratory rate 16 breaths/minute, SpO2 95%, and blood glucose 97mg/dL.

Treatment for this patient should include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. providing oxygen to maintain SpO2 of at least 94%
b. providing rapid transport
c. continuously talking to the patient
d. providing oral glucose

A

d. providing oral glucose

30
Q

True/False

Longer and more severe seizures will usually result in a longer postictal period.

A

True

31
Q

True/False

A low oxygen level can affect the entire brain, often causing anxiety, restlessness, and confusion.

A

True

32
Q

True/False

Febrile seizures result from sudden high fevers and are generally well tolerated by children.

A

True

33
Q

True/False

Hemiparesis is the inability to speak or understand speech.

A

False

34
Q

True/False

Patients with migraine headaches are sometimes sensitive to light and sound.

A

True

35
Q

True/False

Right-sided facial droop is most likely an indication of a problem in the right cerebral hemisphere.

A

False

36
Q

True/False

Serious conditions that include headache as a symptom are hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors, and meningitis.

A

True

37
Q

True/False

A cerebral embolism is an obstruction of a cerebral artery caused by a clot that was formed somewhere else and traveled to the brain.

A

True

38
Q

True/False

Hemorrhagic stroke is the most common type of stroke.

A

False

39
Q

True/False

Patients with a stroke affecting the right hemisphere of the brain can usually understand language, but their speech may be slurred.

A

True

40
Q

True/False

A patient who has bleeding in the brain may have very low blood pressure.

A

False

41
Q

True/False

All seizures involve muscle twitching and general convulsions.

A

False

42
Q

True/False

A patient having a seizure may become cyanotic from a lack of oxygen.

A

True

43
Q

True/False

Patients with a decreased level of consciousness should not be given anything by mouth.

A

True

44
Q

True/False

Hypoglycemia should be considered in a patient following a motor vehicle collision (MVC) with an altered mental status.

A

True

45
Q

True/False

Psychological problems and complications of medications can cause altered mental status.

A

True

46
Q

True/False

Patients who have had a stroke can lose their airway or stop breathing without warning.

A

True

47
Q

True/False

You should wait until you get an accurate pulse oximeter reading on a seizure patient before administering oxygen.

A

False

48
Q

True/False

Letting the hospital know the specifics regarding the patient’s neurologic symptoms is generally not important.

A

False

49
Q

True/False

A key piece of information to document is the time of onset of the patient’s signs and symptoms.

A

True

EMT FF Class (71 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions