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EMT FF Class > Biloxi EMT CH21 Allergy and Anaphylaxis > Flashcards

Biloxi EMT CH21 Allergy and Anaphylaxis Flashcards

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1
Q

Steps for assisting a patient with administration of an EpiPen include:

a. shaking the injector to mix the medication
b. placing the tip of the auto-injector against the lateral part of the patient’s thigh
c. recapping the injector before placing it in the trash
d. holding the injector in place for 30 seconds

A

b. placing the tip of the auto-injector against the lateral part of the patient’s thigh

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the five common allergen categories?

a. Food
b. Insect bites
c. Plants
d. Environments

A

d. Environments

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3
Q

One commonly observed sign of anaphylaxis includes:

a. burning with urination
b. angioedema
c. diarrhea
d. anosmia

A

a. burning with urination

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4
Q

Signs and symptoms of insect stings or bites include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. swelling
b. ecchymosis
c. localized heat
d. wheals

A

b. ecchymosis

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5
Q

All of the following are true regarding allergic reactions EXCEPT:

a. Mild reactions will usually only require supportive care.
b. A stiff card should be used to remove an insect stinger if necessary.
c. All allergic reactions will require epinephrine administration.
d. Deterioration can be extremely rapid when anaphylaxis is present.

A

c. All allergic reactions will require epinephrine administration.

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6
Q

Speed is essential because in severe cases of anaphylaxis, __________ can occur rapidly.

a. urticaria
b. compensation
c. death
d. recovery

A

c. death

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7
Q

Questions to ask when obtaining a history from a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction include:

a. whether the patient has recently traveled
b. what the patient ate yesterday
c. asking bystanders if anyone else is ill
d. how the patient was exposed

A

d. how the patient was exposed

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8
Q

The dosage of epinephrine in an adult EpiPen is:

a. 0.10 mg
b. 0.15 mg
c. 0.30 mg
d. 0.50 mg

A

c. 0.30 mg

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9
Q

Epinephrine, whether made by the body or by a drug manufacturer, works rapidly to:

a. decrease the pulse rate and blood pressure
b. increase an allergic reaction
c. increase wheezing
d. relieve bronchospasm

A

d. relieve bronchospasm

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10
Q

Because the stinger of the honeybee is barbed and remains in the wound, it can continue to inject venom for up to:

a. 1 minute
b. 15 minutes
c. 20 minutes
d. several hours

A

c. 20 minutes

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11
Q

You should not use tweezers or forceps to remove an embedded stinger because:

a. squeezing may cause the stinger to inject more venom into the wound
b. the stinger may break off in the wound
c. the tweezers are not sterile and may cause infection
d. removing the stinger may cause bleeding

A

a. squeezing may cause the stinger to inject more venom into the wound

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12
Q

Your assessment of the patient experiencing an allergic reaction should include evaluations of all of the following EXCEPT:

a. respiratory system
b. circulatory system
c. skin
d. reproductive system

A

d. reproductive system

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13
Q

Allergic reactions to certain foods, such as shellfish or nuts, may take up to ___________ minutes before a reaction appears

a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 30

A

c. 30

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14
Q

Wheezing occurs because excessive ___________ and mucus are secreted into the bronchial passages.

a. fluid
b. carbon dioxide
c. blood
d. oxygen

A

a. fluid

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15
Q

True/False

Allergic reactions can occur in response to almost any substance.

A

True

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16
Q

True/False

An allergic reaction occurs when the body has an immune response to a substance.

A

True

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17
Q

True/False

Wheezing is a low-pitched breath sound, usually resulting from blockage of the airway, and is heard on expiration.

A

False

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18
Q

For a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction with respiratory distress, give high-flow oxygen.

A

True

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19
Q

Wheezing, a high-pitched, whistling breath sound, is typically heard on ____________.

A

Expiration

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20
Q

Small areas of generalized itching or burning that appear as multiple, small, raised areas on the skin are called _____________.

A

urticaria

21
Q

The stinger of the honeybee is _____________, so the bee cannot withdraw it.

A

barbed

22
Q

An allergic reaction involving multiple body systems is called ___________.

A

anaphylaxis

23
Q

The presence of _________ __________ or respiratory distress indicates that the patient is having a severe enough allergic reaction to lead to death.

A

Circulatory compromise

24
Q

Epinephrine reverses hypotension by constricting the _______ _______.

A

blood vessels

25
Q

You have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. As you exit your ambulance, a woman approaches you holding her 7-year-old son, who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. She informs you that he had inadvertently eaten a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts.

You lift the child’s shirt and find small, raised areas that he is trying to scratch. They are likely to be:

a. leukotrienes
b. histamines
c. urticaria
d. toxins

A

c. urticaria

26
Q

You have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. As you exit your ambulance, a woman approaches you holding her 7-year-old son, who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. She informs you that he had inadvertently eaten a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts.

Why is this patient wheezing?

a. He has had an envenomation.
b. His bronchioles are constricting.
c. His bronchioles are dilating.
d. His ovula has swollen.

A

b. His bronchioles are constricting.

27
Q

You have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. As you exit your ambulance, a woman approaches you holding her 7-year-old son, who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. She informs you that he had inadvertently eaten a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts.

The child’s mother has an EpiPen that contains the appropriate does for a child. What dose would that be?

a. 0.8 mg
b. 0.5 mg
c. 0.4 mg
d. 0.15 mg

A

d. 0.15 mg

28
Q

You have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. As you exit your ambulance, a woman approaches you holding her 7-year-old son, who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. She informs you that he had inadvertently eaten a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts.

When assisting with an auto-injector, how long should you hold the pen against the thigh?

a. 3 seconds
b. 5 seconds
c. 10 seconds
d. 30 seconds

A

a. 3 seconds

29
Q

You have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. As you exit your ambulance, a woman approaches you holding her 7-year-old son, who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. She informs you that he had inadvertently eaten a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts.

After removing the auto-injector from the child’s thigh, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

a. record the time
b. record the dose
c. reassess his vital signs
d. place ice over the injection site

A

d. place ice over the injection site

30
Q

Which of the following MOST accurately defines an allergic reaction?

a. An exaggerated immune system response to any substance
b. Destruction of the immune system by an external
c. A release of erythrocytes in response to a foreign substance
d. A direct negative effect on the body by an external substance

A

a. An exaggerated immune system response to any substance

31
Q

Chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include:

a. the bee venom itself.
b. adrenaline and histamines.
c. leukocytes and epinephrine.
d. histamines and leukotrienes.

A

d. histamines and leukotrienes.

32
Q

Urticaria is the medical term for:

a. hives.
b. burning.
c. swelling.
d. a wheal

A

a. hives

33
Q

The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):

a. allergen.
b. antibody.
c. histamine.
d. leukotriene.

A

a. allergen

34
Q

A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called:

a. a pustule.
b. purpura.
c. urticaria.
d. a wheal.

A

d. a wheal

35
Q

The stinger from a honeybee should be:

a. left in place and covered.
b. scraped away from the skin.
c. squeezed with tweezers and removed.
d. irrigated with copious amounts of water.

A

b. scraped away from the skin.

36
Q

Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. abdominal cramps.
b. drying of the eyes.
c. flushing of the skin.
d. persistent dry cough.

A

b. drying of the eyes.

37
Q

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

a. Rales
b. Stridor
c. Rhonchi
d. Wheezing

A

b. drying of the eyes.

38
Q

Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:

a. wheezing and hypotension are present.
b. the patient is anxious and tachycardic.
c. a paramedic is present at the scene.
d. the reaction procedures severe urticaria.

A

a. wheezing and hypotension

39
Q

When an auto-injector is used to give epinephrine, the primary injection site is the:

a. medial part of the buttocks.
b. lateral portion of the arm.
c. lateral portion of the thigh.
d. medial portion of the thigh.

A

c. lateral portion of the thigh.

40
Q

When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for:

a. 3 seconds.
b. 8 seconds.
c. 10 seconds.
d. 15 seconds.

A

a. 3 seconds.

41
Q

While auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. This indicates:

a. rapid swelling of the upper airway tissues.
b. a significant amount of fluid in the alveoli.
c. narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs.
d. enlargement of the bronchioles in the lungs.

A

c. narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs.

42
Q

Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should:

a. properly dispose of the syringe.
b. record the time and dose given.
c. reassess the patient’s vital sounds.
d. notify Medical Control of your action.

A

a. properly dispose of the syringe.

43
Q

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration.

a. 30 seconds
b. 1 minute
c. 30 minutes
d. 1 hour

A

b. 1 minute

44
Q

Two of the MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are:

a. urticaria and angioedema.
b. watery eyes and localized itching.
c. expiratory stridor and tachycardia.
d. hypertension and swollen hands.

A

a. urticaria and angioedema.

45
Q

Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?

a. A 21-year-old female who inhaled pollen
b. A 30-year-old male who was stung by a bee
c. A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin
d. A 50-year-old male who was exposed to latex

A

c. A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin

46
Q

Which of the following statements regarding fire ants is correct?

a. Fire ants often bite a person repeatedly.
b. Fire ant bites rarely cause anaphylaxis.
c. Fire ant bites typically occur on the face.
d. Most people are allergic to fire ant toxin.

A

a. Fire ants often bite a person repeatedly.

47
Q

Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient’s allergic reaction?

a. The patient’s family history.
b. The patient’s general physical appearance.
c. The environment in which the patient is found.
d. The time of year in which the exposure occurred.

A

c. The environment in which the patient is found.

48
Q

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?

a. Diffuse urticaria
b. Severe hypotension
c. Upper airway swelling
d. Systemic vasodilation

A

c. Upper airway swelling

49
Q

A 38-year-old woman was bitten by fire ants while at the park. Your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious; has labored breathing, and has a rapid pulse. She has a red rash on her entire body, and her face is swollen. You should:

a. perform a rapid secondary assessment.
b. assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen.
c. locate the area where the fire ants bit her.
d. place her supine with her legs elevated.

A

b. assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen.

EMT FF Class (71 decks)

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