Chapter 28 Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards

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1
Q

Key Terms

fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other

A

Angulated Fracture

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2
Q

Key Terms

hard but flexible living structures that provide support for the body and protection to vital organs

A

Bones

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3
Q

Key Terms

tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts such as the ear

A

Cartilage

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4
Q

Key Terms

an injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the skin

A

Closed Extremity Injury

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5
Q

Key Terms

a fracture in which the bone is broken in several places

A

Comminuted Fracture

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6
Q

Key Terms

injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or form a tight dressing or cast

A

Compartment Syndrome

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7
Q

Key Terms

a grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together

A

Crepitus

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8
Q

Key Terms

the disruption or “coming apart” of a joint

A

Dislocation

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9
Q

Key Terms

the portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles, scapulae, arms, wrists, and hands (upper extremities) and the pelvis, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet (lower extremities)

A

Extremities

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10
Q

Key Terms

any break in a bone

A

Fracture

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11
Q

Key Terms

an incomplete fracture

A

Greenstick Fracture

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12
Q

Key Terms

places where bones articulate or meet

A

Joints

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13
Q

Key Terms

tissues that connect bone to bone

A

Ligaments

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14
Q

Key Terms

the process of applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting. Also called “tension”

A

Manual Traction

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15
Q

Key Terms

tissues or fibers that cause movement of body parts and organs

A

Muscles

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16
Q

Key Terms

an extremity injury in which the skin has been broken or torn through from the inside by an injured bone or from the outside by something that has caused a penetrating wound with associated injury to the bone

A

Open Extremity Injury

17
Q

Key Terms

the stretching and tearing of ligaments

A

Sprain

18
Q

Key Terms

muscle injury resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle

A

Strain

19
Q

Key Terms

tissues that connect muscle to bone

A

Tendons

20
Q

Key Terms

a splint that applies constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to help stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. ________ ______s are used primarily on femoral shaft fractures

A

Traction Splint

21
Q

Short Answer

Describe the basic anatomy of bone and its purposes.

A

Bones are hard, flexible, complex structures composed of calcium and protein fibers. Bones are covered by a strong white fibrous material called periosteum, through which the blood vessels and nerves pass as they enter and leave the bone. They are the body’s framework, providing support and protection for the internal organs. They store salts and metabolic materials and are a site of red blood cell production. With the muscles, ligaments, and tendons, they play a major part in the body’s ability to move.

22
Q

Short Answer

Identify the signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injury.

A

The signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injury are pain and tenderness; deformity or angulation; grating, or crepitus; swelling; bruising; exposed bone ends; joints locked into position; and nerve and blood vessel compromise.

23
Q

Short Answer

Describe basic emergency care for painful, swollen, or deformed extremities, including general guidelines for splinting long bones and joints.

A

Take and maintain all Standard Precautions. Perform the primary assessment. After life-threatening conditions have been addressed, all patients with a painful, swollen, or deformed extremity must be splinted. For a low-priority (stable) patient, splint before transport. For a high-priority (unstable) patient, immobilize the whole body on a long spine board; then load and go. If appropriate, cover open wounds with sterile dressings, elevate the extremity, and apply a cold pack to the area to help reduce swelling. Injured long bones should be splinted in the position found unless the distal extremity is cyanotic or lacks pulses.

24
Q

Short Answer

Explain why angulated deformed injuries to the long bones should be realigned to the anatomic position.

A

Angulated and deformed injuries to long bones should be realigned to anatomical position to restore effective circulation to the affected extremity and to fit it into a splint.

25
Q

Short Answer

List the basic principles of splinting.

A

The basic principles of splinting are as follows: expose the area and control bleeding before splinting. Assess pulses, motor, and sensation before and after splinting. Align long-bone injuries with gentle traction if there is severe deformation. Splint to immobilize the injury site and adjacent joints. Splint patients before moving them. Pad splints for patient comfort. Choose a splinting method based on the severity of the patient’s condition and priority decision. If the patient is unstable, don’t waste time splinting.

26
Q

Short Answer

Describe the hazards of splinting.

A

Some of the hazards of splinting include neglecting life-threatening conditions; applying the splint so tightly that soft tissues are compressed and injury is caused to nerves, blood vessels, and muscles; and applying the splint so loosely or inappropriately that further soft-tissue injury occurs.

27
Q

Short Answer

Describe the basic types of splints carried on ambulances.

A

The basic splints carried on ambulances include rigid splints, formable splints, and traction splints.

28
Q

Critical Thinking Exercises

List three assessment findings that you would use to help determine if your musculoskeletal injury patient is in shock.

A

Assessment findings that indicate a patient with a musculoskeletal injury is in shock include vital sign changes; altered mental status; pale, cool, or clammy skin; and nausea and vomiting.

29
Q

Critical Thinking Exercises

Patients who suffer fractures can be in extreme pain. Pain can cause anxiety and elevated pulse rates. How could you differentiate between a patient with a rapid pulse and anxiety from pain versus a patient with rapid pulse and anxiety from shock?

A

Identifying a patient with a rapid pulse and anxiety from pain versus a patient with a rapid pulse and anxiety from shock really comes down to your ability to conduct thorough assessment and differentiate between patients who are stable and patients who are unstable. The patient in shock may have the additional signs and symptoms of low blood pressure; altered mental status; and pale, cool, and clammy skin. Other signs of shock include thirst, dilated pupils, and cyanosis around the lips and nail beds.