Chapter 6

Question 1

Any substance that must be provided to an

organism.

Answer 1

Essential Nutrient

Question 2

Nutrients required in large quantities that play

principal rules in cell structure and metabolism.

Answer 2

Macro-nutrients

Question 3

Nutrients present in much smaller amounts that are
involved in enzyme function and maintenance of
protein structure.

Answer 3

Micro-nutrients

Question 4

An organism that must obtain its carbon in organic

form.

Answer 4

Heterotroph

Question 5

An organism that uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon

source.

Answer 5

Autotroph

Question 6

Obtain energy by undergoing photosynthesis

Answer 6

Phototroph

Question 7

Gains energy from chemical compounds

Answer 7

Chemotroph

Question 8

Molecular movement in which atoms or molecules
move in a gradient from an area of higher density
or concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Answer 8

Diffusion

Question 9

A case of diffusion in which water molecules move

across a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 9

Osmosis

Question 10

Higher concentration of dissolved material than the

interior of the cell

Answer 10

Hypertonic environment

Question 11

Lower concentration of dissolved material than the

interior of the cell

Answer 11

Hypotonic solution

Question 12

Has the same concentration of dissolved material

as the interior of the cell

Answer 12

Isotonic solution

Question 13

Diffusion down a concentration gradient and
across a membrane with the assistance of special
pores or carrier molecules.

Answer 13

Facilitated diffusion

Question 14

Moves molecules and ions against concentration
gradients from regions of lower concentration to
ones of higher concentration.

Answer 14

Active transport

Question 15

The lowest temperature that permits a microbe
continued growth and metabolism; below this
temperature its activities are inhibited.

Answer 15

Minimum temperature

Question 16

The highest temperature at which growth and

metabolism and proceed.

Answer 16

Maximum temperature

Question 17

This temperature Promotes the fastest rate of growth and metabolism.

Answer 17

Optimum temperature

Question 18

Group of microorganisms that have a optimum temperature range below 15C

Answer 18

Psychrophiles

Question 19

Group of microorganisms that have a optimum temperature range between 20-40C.

Answer 19

Mesophiles

Question 20

These microorganisms grow optimally at temperatures greater then 45C.

Answer 20

Thermophiles

Question 21

The microorganisms grow between 80C to 121C

Answer 21

Extreme thermophiles

Question 22

Organisms that require oxygen for survival

Answer 22

Aerobes

Question 23

Organisms that are not dependent on oxygen for survival

Answer 23

Anaerobes

Question 24

This group of organisms will use oxygen if it is available but can function without it

Answer 24

Facultative anaerobes

Question 25

This group of organisms require a small amount of oxygen for survival

Answer 25

Microaerophiles

Question 26

The superoxide ion is first converted to hydrogen
peroxide and normal oxygen by the action of an
enzyme called

Answer 26

Superoxide dismutase.

Question 27

Hydrogen peroxide is also toxic to cells so it must
be degraded by an enzyme called _______ into
water and oxygen.

Answer 27

Catalase

Question 28

Acid loving organisms (pH 0.1-5.4)

Answer 28

Acidophiles

Question 29

These organisms prefer a neutral environment pH 5.4-8.0.

Answer 29

Neutrophiles

Question 30

Base loving organisms, exist from pH 7.0-11.5

Answer 30

Alkaliphiles

Question 31

Microorganisms that live optimally under high salt

concentrations

Answer 31

Halophiles

*Commonly bacteria in the genus Staphylococcus

Question 32

A situation in which two organisms live together in

a close partnership.

Answer 32

Symbioses

Question 33

When organisms live in a obligatory but mutually

beneficial relationship.

Answer 33

Mutualism

Question 34

One member receives benefits, while its partner is

neither harmed nor benefited.

Answer 34

Commensalism

Question 35

A relationship in which the host organism provides
the parasitic microbe with nutrients and a habitat.
Multiplication of the parasite usually harms the
host.

Answer 35

Parasitism

Question 36

Bacterial cells divide using a process known as

Answer 36

Binary Fission

Question 37

The amount of time it takes for a bacterial population to

double

Answer 37

Generation time

Question 38

In this phase of the bacterial growth curve the
organisms do not increase significantly in number,
but they are metabolically active and therefore are producing large amounts of ATP

Answer 38

Lag phase

Question 39

During this phase of the bacterial growth curve the

organisms divide at their most rapid rate

Answer 39

Log Phase

Question 40

When cell division decreases to the point that new
cells are produced at the same rate as old cells die,
the number of live cells stays constant

Answer 40

Stationary Phase

Question 41

In this stage of the bacterial growth curve the
number of cells dramatically decreases due to
unfavorable conditions within the medium

Answer 41

Decline (death) Phase

Question 42

A mass of dividing bacterial cells that originates from a

single cell.

Answer 42

Colony

Question 43

The observation that a liquid broth is cloudy is

termed

Answer 43

Turbidity