Chapter 10 Flashcards
In this test a Zone of inhibition surrounding
antibiotic discs is measured and compared with a standard for each drug
Kirby-Bauer test
In this method a constant quantity of
microorganisms is introduced into a series of broth
cultures containing decreasing concentrations of a
chemotherapeutic agent
Tube dilution test
In this test you would obtain a sample of a patients
blood while the patient is receiving an antibiotic
Serum killing power
Level of drug that causes host damage
Toxic dosage level
Level of drug that successfully eliminates the
pathogenic organism if the level is maintained over
a period of time.
Therapeutic dosage level
The maximum tolerable dose per kilogram of body
weight, divided my the minimum dose per
kilogram of body weight, that will cure the disease
Chemotherapeutic index
A drug is ______ if it kills or inhibits the actions
or synthesis of molecules in microorganisms but
not vertebrate cells
Selectively toxic
Drugs effective against more than one group of
bacteria
Broad Spectrum Drugs
Drugs that target a specific group.
Narrow Spectrum Drugs
Occurs due to taking a broad spectrum antibiotic.
Antibiotic that will killed targeted bacteria as well as
normal biota
Super-infection
Preparations of live microorganisms fed to animals
and humans to improve intestinal biota
Probiotics
Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial
microbes
Prebiotics
Antibiotic responsible for inhibition of cell wall
synthesis
Penicillin
Penicillin contains a _______, which attaches and
destroys peptidoglycan.
- Beta lactam ring
Antibiotic responsible for disruption of cell
membrane function.
Polymyxin
Act on 30S portion of bacterial ribosomes by
interfering with the accurate reading (translation)
of the mRNA message.
Streptomycin
Act on the 50S portion of bacterial ribosomes,
inhibiting formation of the growing polypeptide.
Erythromycin
Binds to RNA polymerase and inhibits RNA
synthesis
Rifampin
This drug shuts down DNA synthesis via the inhibition of folic acid production
Trimethoprim
An adaptive response in which microorganisms
begin to tolerate an amount of drug that would
normally be inhibitory.
Drug resistance
When naked DNA is picked up from a solution
and inserted into the bacterial genome.
Transformation
In ____________ DNA is carried by a
bacteriophage into a bacterial cells genome
Transduction
In ___________ genetic information is passed
directly from one bacterial cell to another via
pilli.
Conjugation
