Chapter 3 Flashcards
Main differences between Prokaryotic vs.
Eukaryotic cells
The way its DNA is packaged, the makeup of its
cell wall, and its internal structures
Variation in the size and shape of cells of a single
species due to nutritional and genetic differences
Pleomorphism
Function of flagella
Motility
Single flagellum arrangement
Monotrichous
Small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from
the same site
Lophotrichous
Flagella at both poles of the cell
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous arrangement
Flagella are dispersed randomly over the entire surface of the cell.
Movement of bacteria in response to chemical
signals.
Chemotaxis
Small, bristle-like fibers sprouting off the surface
of many bacterial cells, used for attachment
Fimbriae
Joins two bacterial cells and provides a way to
exchange genetic information
Pili
Used for protection against phagocytes
Capsules
Loose outer layer, protects against loss of water and
nutrients
Slime Layer
A bacterial cell wall is made up of _____
Peptidoglycan
These bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer cell membrane
Gram Negative
These bacteria lack an outer cell membrane but have a thick layer of peptidoglycan within the cell wall
Gram Positive
In the gram stain _____dissolves lipids in the outer
cell membrane and removes the dye from the
peptidoglycan layer
Alcohol
In the gram stain this is the primary stain
Crystal Violet
In the gram stain _____ acts as a mordant
Iodine
In the gram stain_____ is the counterstain.
Safranin
Selectively permeable lipid bilayer with proteins
embedded
Cell/Cytoplasmic Membrane
Nonessential pieces of DNA that confer protective
traits such as drug resistance, toxin, and
enzyme production
Plasmid
Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Size of prokaryotic ribosomes
70S (50S large subunit and 30S small subunit)
Size of eukaryotic ribosomes
80S (60S large subunit and 40S small subunit)
Used for food storage and can also pack gas into
vesicles for buoyancy
Inclusion Bodies
Used for protection to allow the bacterium to
survive in inhospitable environments.
Endospores
Rotation of flagellum counterclockwise resulting in a smooth linear direction.
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