Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Main differences between Prokaryotic vs.

Eukaryotic cells

A

The way its DNA is packaged, the makeup of its

cell wall, and its internal structures

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2
Q

Variation in the size and shape of cells of a single

species due to nutritional and genetic differences

A

Pleomorphism

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3
Q

Function of flagella

A

Motility

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4
Q

Single flagellum arrangement

A

Monotrichous

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5
Q

Small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from

the same site

A

Lophotrichous

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6
Q

Flagella at both poles of the cell

A

Amphitrichous

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7
Q

Peritrichous arrangement

A

Flagella are dispersed randomly over the entire surface of the cell.

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8
Q

Movement of bacteria in response to chemical

signals.

A

Chemotaxis

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9
Q

Small, bristle-like fibers sprouting off the surface

of many bacterial cells, used for attachment

A

Fimbriae

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10
Q

Joins two bacterial cells and provides a way to

exchange genetic information

A

Pili

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11
Q

Used for protection against phagocytes

A

Capsules

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12
Q

Loose outer layer, protects against loss of water and

nutrients

A

Slime Layer

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13
Q

A bacterial cell wall is made up of _____

A

Peptidoglycan

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14
Q

These bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer cell membrane

A

Gram Negative

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15
Q

These bacteria lack an outer cell membrane but have a thick layer of peptidoglycan within the cell wall

A

Gram Positive

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16
Q

In the gram stain _____dissolves lipids in the outer
cell membrane and removes the dye from the
peptidoglycan layer

A

Alcohol

17
Q

In the gram stain this is the primary stain

A

Crystal Violet

18
Q

In the gram stain _____ acts as a mordant

A

Iodine

19
Q

In the gram stain_____ is the counterstain.

A

Safranin

20
Q

Selectively permeable lipid bilayer with proteins

embedded

A

Cell/Cytoplasmic Membrane

21
Q

Nonessential pieces of DNA that confer protective
traits such as drug resistance, toxin, and
enzyme production

A

Plasmid

22
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

23
Q

Size of prokaryotic ribosomes

A

70S (50S large subunit and 30S small subunit)

24
Q

Size of eukaryotic ribosomes

A

80S (60S large subunit and 40S small subunit)

25
Q

Used for food storage and can also pack gas into

vesicles for buoyancy

A

Inclusion Bodies

26
Q

Used for protection to allow the bacterium to

survive in inhospitable environments.

A

Endospores

27
Q

Rotation of flagellum counterclockwise resulting in a smooth linear direction.

A

Run