Chapter 17

Question 1

Vascular interface between the blood vessels
serving the brain and the brain its self that prohibits
most microorganisms and most antibiotics from
entering the nervous system

Answer 1

Blood-brain barrier

Question 2

Phagocytic cells found exclusively in the brain

Answer 2

Microglia cells

Question 3

Are there normal biota within the nervous system?

Answer 3

No. it is a sterile environment

Question 4

Inflammation of the meninges

Answer 4

Meningitis

Question 5

Causes the most serious form of acute meningitis

Answer 5

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 6

Headache,Painful or stiff neck,Fever Nausea and
vomiting,Photophobia (sensitivity to light),Skin
rashes are all signs/symptoms of

Answer 6

Meningitis

Question 7

A rash associated with a Neisseria meningitides

infection

Answer 7

Petechiae

Question 8

Acute enteroviral infection of the spinal cord that

can cause neuromuscular paralysis.

Answer 8

Poliomyelitis

Question 9

How is the polio virus spread?

Answer 9

Fecal-oral transmission

Question 10

What happens in Non-paralytic Polio?

Answer 10

Invasion, but not destruction of, nervous
tissue.Muscle pain and spasm, meningeal
inflammation, and vague hypersensitivity

Question 11

What happens in Paralytic Polio?

Answer 11

Invasion of motor neurons causes flaccid paralysis.
Paralysis of the muscles of the legs, abdomen,
back, diaphragm, pectoral girdle, and bladder can
result.

Question 12

Misfolded proteins known to cause
Neurodegenerative diseases with long incubation
periods but rapid progressions

Answer 12

Prions

Question 13

Prions are known to cause

Answer 13

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Question 14

How is rabies spread?

Answer 14

Primarily saliva

Question 15

Incubation period for rabies is 1 – 2 months or

more, depending on:

Answer 15

the wound site in relation to the brain, severity of the wound, and inoculation dose.

Question 16

Delirium, hallucinations, hydrophobia, muscle
spasms, coma and death are all signs/symptoms
of____

Answer 16

Rabies

Question 17

When must rabies be treated?

Answer 17

before signs and symptoms begin

Question 18

How is a rabies infection treated? (assuming its before signs and symptoms begin)

Answer 18

Wound is infused with human rabies immune
globulin to impede spread of the virus. A full
course of vaccine is begun as well.

Question 19

Caused by Clostridium tetani

Answer 19

Tetanus

Question 20

Powerful neurotoxin released by C. tetani

Answer 20

Tetanospasmin

Question 21

Tetanospasmin functions to:

Answer 21

block the inhibition of muscle contraction, causing

muscles to contract uncontrollably

Question 22

Causative agent of Botulism

Answer 22

Clostridium botulinum

Question 23

How is Clostridium botulinum transmitted

Answer 23

Predominately through the ingestion of
contaminated food (canned vegetables)

Question 24

Where can Clostridium tetani be found?

Answer 24

the soil

Question 25

Action of the botulinum toxin:

Answer 25

Prevents the release of acetylcholine, the
neurotransmitter that initiates the signal for muscle
contraction. Causes muscle paralysis

Question 26

Babies born with abnormally small heads

Answer 26

Microcephaly

Question 27

Transmitted by the bite of a mosquito, via sexual intercourse with infected individuals, and vertically in utero

Answer 27

Zika virus

Question 28

Commonly through Accidental puncture wounds

Answer 28

Tetanus