Chapter 19 Flashcards
Does the upper respiratory tract contain normal
biota?
Yes
Does the lower respiratory tract contain normal
biota
No, it is a sterile environment
Inflammation of the Pharynx
Pharyngitis
More serious cases of pharyngitis are caused by
Streptococcus pyogenes
*would see pus packets in the back of the throat
Streptococcal diseases should be treated promptly with antibiotics to avoid complications such as
Rheumatic fever.
Causative agents include Rhinoviruses,
Coronavirus, Adenovirus, Respiratory syncytial
virus
Rhinitis
Influenza glycoprotein spike known to aid in
binding to the virus host cell receptors
Hemagglutinin (H)
In influenza this glycoprotein spike aids in the
break down of mucous in the respiratory tract and
aids in viral budding/release
Neuraminidase (N)
Mutation of glycoprotein (H, N) genes leads to
seasonal influenza strains. This is known as
Antigenic drift
RNA exchange between different viruses during
coinfection of a host cell leading to pandemic
strains of influenza is known as
Antigenic shift
Relenza and Tamiflu are examples of what?
Antivirals
Whooping cough is caused by:
Bordetella pertussis
This stage of whooping cough is characterized by a runny nose and lasts 1-2 weeks
Catarrhal stage
Stage of whooping cough in which there are bouts
of severe and violent coughing
Paroxysmal stage
The incidence rate of whooping cough cases is increasing because
because
Vaccine does not provide lifelong immunity
(booster required], and lack of vaccination in
children
Tuberculosis is caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to infect and
divide in what cell type?
Macrophages
Granuloma formed to impede further infection by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tubercle
Which cells make up the tubercle during a primary TB infection?
Macrophages, Lymphocytes, and Fibroblasts
These cells release enzymes to break down the
tubercles during a TB infection.
Neutrophils
After the center of tubercles are broken down and replaced with calcium deposits they are called
Neurotic caseous lesions
During this stage of TB, the infection is dormant and there are no signs/symptoms. The patient is also not contagious
Primary TB
Violent coughing with greenish or bloody
sputum and weight are signs/symptoms of_____?
Secondary TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection outside of
the lungs?
Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis Diagnosis includes:
Mantoux Testing, Chest X-rays and Acid Fast
Staining.
Inflammatory condition of the lungs in which fluid
fills the alveoli
Pneumonia
Causes 40% of community-acquired bacterial
cases of pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
When hospitalized or institutionalized people
experience pneumonia it is called
Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia
