Chapter 5 Flashcards
Obligate intracellular parasites
viruses
Functions to Enclose the nucleic acid
genome and provide protection
Capsid
The capsid is composed of protein subunits called
________.
Capsomeres
Optional Bilayer membrane outside of the capsid
Envelope
Viral genomes consist of either ______ or _____
DNA or RNA (Never both)
Name the 5 stages of animal virus replication
- Adsorption
- Penetration/uncoating
- Synthesis
- Assembly
- Release
Responsible for attaching viruses to host cells
Glycoprotein Spikes
The attachment of the virus to host cells
Adsorption
The spectrum of hosts that a virus can infect
Host Range
Refers to the specific kinds of cells a virus can
infect
Viral specificity
Enzymes in the host cell dissolve the envelope and
capsid and the viral DNA or RNA is released into
the cytoplasm.
Uncoating
The entry of virions (mature viruses) into the host
cell
Penetration
In this stage of a virus cycle, Replication and
protein synthesis occur
Synthesis
The process of putting together all the pieces to
make mature viruses
Assembly
naked viruses and complex viruses are released
_________
Lysis of the host cell
Enveloped viruses are released via ______
Budding through the host cell membrane
Virus induced damage to the cell that alters its microscopic appearance (shape, size or intracellular arrangement ).
Cytopathic effects
When viral DNA becomes incorporated into the
DNA of the host.
Provirus
Mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors (cancer)
are called
Oncoviruses
Viruses that infect bacteria
Bacteriophages
In the bacteriophage life cycle what stage is
eliminated
The uncoating stage
because during penetration only the viral DNA is injected
A stable long term relationship between the phage
and its host in which the phage nucleic acid
becomes incorporated into the host nucleic acid.
Temperate (lysogenic) life cycle
Research done inside a living system
In Vivo
Research done outside of a living system (usually
in cell cultures)
In Vitro
Individual animal cells grown in media
Cell cultures
Used to observe degeneration and lysis of infected
cells within the cell culture line.
Plaque Assay
Research indicates that they are normal proteins
that become folded incorrectly, possible as a result
of a mutation.
Prions
