Chapter 11 Flashcards
The disruption of a tissue or organ caused by
microbes or their products.
Infectious Disease
Microorganisms that live in or on the human
body and do not cause any harm
Normal Biota
The generally antagonistic effect “good” microbes
have against intruder microorganisms
Microbial Antagonism
A microbe whose relationship with its host is
parasitic and results in infection and disease.
Pathogen
Pathogens capable of causing disease in healthy
persons with normal immune defenses.
True pathogens
__________________ cause disease when
the host defenses are compromised or when they
becomes established in a part of the body is not
natural to the microganism
Opportunistic Pathogens
The severity of the disease caused by the microbe.
Virulence
A type of virulence factor used to avoid phagocyte cells
Antiphagocytic factors
Toxins produced by bacteria that are deadly to
WBCs
Leukocidins
White blood cells that engulf and destroy
pathogens by means of antimicrobial chemicals
and enzymes
Phagocytes
A bacterial enzyme that accelerates the coagulation
(blood clotting) of blood
Coagulase
Bacterial enzyme that dissolves blood clots.
Kinase
Enzymes produced by gram positive bacteria. Are
soluble substances secreted into host tissue
Exotoxins
Are part of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide and are
released into host tissues from gram negative
bacteria often when bacteria die or divide.
Endotoxins
Exotoxins known to lyse red blood cells
Hemolysins
Exotoxins that act on tissues of the nervous system
to prevent muscle contraction or muscle relaxation
Neurotoxins
Exotoxins that act on tissues of the gut.
Enterotoxins
objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer
sign
subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient
symptom
A combination of signs and symptoms that occur
together and are indicative of a particular disease.
syndrome
The time between infection and the appearance of
signs and symptoms.
The Incubation Period
A short period during which nonspecific, often
mild, symptoms sometimes occur.
The Prodromal Phase
Period during which the individual experiences the
typical signs and symptoms of the disease.
The Invasive Phase
The period of illness during which host defenses
and the effects of treatment finally overcome the
pathogen.
The Decline Phase
During this phase tissues are repaired, healing
takes place, and the body regains strength and
recovers.
The convalescence period
A disease that can spread from one host to
another.
Communicable Disease
A communicable disease that spreads easily.
Contagious Disease
Diseases that are not spread from one host to
another
Non-communicable Diseases
An inanimate object that can carry disease
Fomite
Coughing and Sneezing are examples of
Droplet Transmission
Air, Food and Water are all considered what
Vehicles
Shaking someone’s hand is an example of what
kind of transmission
Direct Contact Transmission
An infection acquired in a hospital or other
medical facility.
Healthcare-associated infections
The study of factors and mechanisms involved in
the frequency and spread of diseases and other
health related problems, within populations of
humans, other animals and plants.
Epidemiology
Number of NEW cases contracted within a set
population during a specific period of time.
Incidence rate
The TOTAL number of people infected within the
population at any given time.
Prevalence rate
The number of individuals affected by a disease
during a set period in relation to the total number
in the population.
Morbidity rate
The number of deaths due to a disease in a
population during a specific period in relation to
the total population.
Mortality rate
Present continually in the population of a
particular geographic area but both the number of
reported cases and the severity of the disease
remain to low to be considered a public health
problem.
Endemic
Arises when a disease suddenly has a higher than
normal incidence in a population.
Epidemic
Occurs when an epidemic spreads worldwide.
Pandemic
