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Davis BIO 225 (Lecture) > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The disruption of a tissue or organ caused by

microbes or their products.

A

Infectious Disease

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2
Q

Microorganisms that live in or on the human

body and do not cause any harm

A

Normal Biota

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3
Q

The generally antagonistic effect “good” microbes

have against intruder microorganisms

A

Microbial Antagonism

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4
Q

A microbe whose relationship with its host is

parasitic and results in infection and disease.

A

Pathogen

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5
Q

Pathogens capable of causing disease in healthy

persons with normal immune defenses.

A

True pathogens

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6
Q

__________________ cause disease when
the host defenses are compromised or when they
becomes established in a part of the body is not
natural to the microganism

A

Opportunistic Pathogens

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7
Q

The severity of the disease caused by the microbe.

A

Virulence

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8
Q

A type of virulence factor used to avoid phagocyte cells

A

Antiphagocytic factors

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9
Q

Toxins produced by bacteria that are deadly to

WBCs

A

Leukocidins

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10
Q

White blood cells that engulf and destroy
pathogens by means of antimicrobial chemicals
and enzymes

A

Phagocytes

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11
Q

A bacterial enzyme that accelerates the coagulation

(blood clotting) of blood

A

Coagulase

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12
Q

Bacterial enzyme that dissolves blood clots.

A

Kinase

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13
Q

Enzymes produced by gram positive bacteria. Are

soluble substances secreted into host tissue

A

Exotoxins

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14
Q

Are part of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide and are
released into host tissues from gram negative
bacteria often when bacteria die or divide.

A

Endotoxins

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15
Q

Exotoxins known to lyse red blood cells

A

Hemolysins

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16
Q

Exotoxins that act on tissues of the nervous system

to prevent muscle contraction or muscle relaxation

A

Neurotoxins

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17
Q

Exotoxins that act on tissues of the gut.

A

Enterotoxins

18
Q

objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer

A

sign

19
Q

subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient

A

symptom

20
Q

A combination of signs and symptoms that occur

together and are indicative of a particular disease.

A

syndrome

21
Q

The time between infection and the appearance of

signs and symptoms.

A

The Incubation Period

22
Q

A short period during which nonspecific, often

mild, symptoms sometimes occur.

A

The Prodromal Phase

23
Q

Period during which the individual experiences the

typical signs and symptoms of the disease.

A

The Invasive Phase

24
Q

The period of illness during which host defenses
and the effects of treatment finally overcome the
pathogen.

A

The Decline Phase

25
Q

During this phase tissues are repaired, healing
takes place, and the body regains strength and
recovers.

A

The convalescence period

26
Q

A disease that can spread from one host to

another.

A

Communicable Disease

27
Q

A communicable disease that spreads easily.

A

Contagious Disease

28
Q

Diseases that are not spread from one host to

another

A

Non-communicable Diseases

29
Q

An inanimate object that can carry disease

A

Fomite

30
Q

Coughing and Sneezing are examples of

A

Droplet Transmission

31
Q

Air, Food and Water are all considered what

A

Vehicles

32
Q

Shaking someone’s hand is an example of what

kind of transmission

A

Direct Contact Transmission

33
Q

An infection acquired in a hospital or other

medical facility.

A

Healthcare-associated infections

34
Q

The study of factors and mechanisms involved in
the frequency and spread of diseases and other
health related problems, within populations of
humans, other animals and plants.

A

Epidemiology

35
Q

Number of NEW cases contracted within a set

population during a specific period of time.

A

Incidence rate

36
Q

The TOTAL number of people infected within the

population at any given time.

A

Prevalence rate

37
Q

The number of individuals affected by a disease
during a set period in relation to the total number
in the population.

A

Morbidity rate

38
Q

The number of deaths due to a disease in a
population during a specific period in relation to
the total population.

A

Mortality rate

39
Q

Present continually in the population of a
particular geographic area but both the number of
reported cases and the severity of the disease
remain to low to be considered a public health
problem.

A

Endemic

40
Q

Arises when a disease suddenly has a higher than

normal incidence in a population.

A

Epidemic

41
Q

Occurs when an epidemic spreads worldwide.

A

Pandemic

Davis BIO 225 (Lecture) (16 decks)

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