Chapter 12 Flashcards
“Non-specific” includes any barrier that blocks
invasion at a portal of entry
First line defenses
“Non-specific’ internalized system of protective
cells and fluids (includes inflammation, fever and
phagocytosis)
Second line defenses
A “specific defense”. Acquired on a individual
basis as each foreign substance is encountered by
white blood cells.
Third line defenses
An enzyme in tears and saliva breaks down
peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria.
Lysozyme
Produced by the glands of the stomach, has a pH
of 1.2 to 3.0, which kills most bacteria.
Gastric Juices
General purpose phagocyte, that reacts early in the
inflammation process and are the primary
component of pus.
Neutrophils
Travel in the blood as phagocytes
Monocytes
After migrating out of the bloodstream into the
tissues monocytes are transformed by various
inflammatory mediators into ______
Macrophages
Phagocytes recognize microorganisms as foreign
because of ______ markers found on the pathogen
Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns
PAMPs
Used by host phagocytic cells to recognize PAMPs.
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
In this stage of phagocytosis simulate products
cause phagocytes to migrate to the region of
inflammation.
Chemotaxis
In this stage of phagocytosis phagocytes use
pattern recognition to identify and stick to foreign
cells.
Adhesion
In this stage of phagocytosis the phagocyte engulfs
and internalizes the microorganism in a vacuole
called a phagosome
Engulfment and phagosome formation
In this stage of phagocytosis the lysosome
migrates and fuses with the phagosome, forming a
phagolysosome.
Phagolysosome formation
In this stage of phagocytosis granules containing
antimicrobial chemicals are released into the
phagolysosome destroying the ingested material.
Killing
In this stage of phagocytosis The small bits of
indigestible debris are released from the phagocyte
by exocytosis
Elimination
The bodies defensive response to tissue damage
from a microbial infection.
Inflammation
What signs/symptoms characterize inflammation
Heat, redness, swelling and pain
When cells are damaged, the chemical substance
_______ is released from basophils and mast cells.
Histamine
Dilation of blood vessels
Vasodilation
An increase in the number of leukocytes in the
blood.
Leukocytosis
A pocket of tissue formed during chronic
inflammation that surrounds and walls off the
inflammatory agent
Granuloma
A systemic rise in body temperature
Fever
Body temperature is controlled by the _________
in the brain.
Hypothalamus
Fever causing substances called ________
stimulate the hypothalamus and raise the bodies
temperature.
Pyrogens
Found in the blood plasma and includes
approximately 26 different interacting proteins.
Complement
Antiviral substances that are produced by certain
cells in the body (fibroblasts and lymphocytes)
after viral stimulation.
Interferon (IFN)
