Chapter 6 Flashcards
What term means enlarged liver?
Acromegaly
What is the amylase and lipase tests?
- Tests for the levels of amylase and lipase enzyme in the blood
- Increased levels are associated with pancreatitis
What is the liver function test? (LFT)
- Tests for enzymes and bilirubin in blood
- LFTs are performed on blood serum (clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted)
- High levels of enzyme ALT and AST indicate liver damage/disease
What is the stool culture test?
- Test for microorganisms in stool
- Feces are placed in a growth medium and examined microscopically
What is the stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test?
- Test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces
- Important screening for colon cancer. Uses Guaiac, a chemical that will react to any blood in feces
X-ray procedures: What is lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)?
X-ray images of the colon and rectum obtained after injection of the barium into the rectum using enema.
X-ray procedures: What is upper gastrointestinal series?
X-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine obtained after administering barium by mouth
X-ray procedures: What is cholanigography?
X-ray examination of the biliary system (gallbladder, the bile ducts, and the liver) performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts
How does the contrast material enter the body for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography?
The contrast medium is injected using a needle through the abdominal wall into the biliary vessels of the liver.
How does the contrast material enter the body for the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogaphy (ERCP)?
Contrast medium is administered through an oral catheter (tube) and then passes through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum and then into the bile ducts.
What is computed to or graphs (CT)?
- A series of x-ray images are taken in multiple views (especially cross section)
- These are basically CT scan or CAT scan
What is the abdominal ultrasonography?
- An ultrasound examination that uses sound waves beamed into the abdomen that will produce an image of the abdominal viscera.
- Useful for examining fluid-filled structure such as the gallbladder
What is the endoscopic ultrasonography? (EUS)
Use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract
What is a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?
Magnetic waves produce images of organs and tissues in all 3 planes of the body
What is nuclear medicine test
Radioactive imaging procedure that tracks the production and flow of bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestines.
What is the HIDA scan?
HIDA = Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid. A nuclear medicine test.
What is the gastric bypass procedure?
Reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the Jejunum.
What is the gastrointestinal endoscopy?
Visual examination of the GI tract. Example is the colonoscopy. Using the fiberoptic tube through the mouth or anus to view the GI tract
What is the laparoscopy?
Visual examination of the abdomen
What is liver biopsy?
Removal of liver tissue for the microscopic examination
What is the nasogastric intubation ?
Insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach
What is paracentesis (abdomincentesis)?
Puncture to remove fluid from abdomen
Which procedure is a visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract?
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
Which procedure removes fluid after surgery?
Nasogastric intubation, removes fluid postoperatively
Which procedure is called gastrojejunostomy?
Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery
Which procedure is used to pump out stomach contents?
Paracentesis (abdominocentesis)
What does tomography mean?
Cutting. Produces a series of x-ray pictures showing multiple views of an organ.
What is achalasia?
It is the disorder of the esophagus that prevents normal swallowing.
