Chapter 3

Question 1

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 1

• Red blood cells
• Made in the bone marrow.
• Carry oxygen from lungs to all body cells
• Hemoglobin: blood protein

Question 2

What are leukocyte?

Answer 2

White blood cells

Question 3

How many different kinds of leukocytes?

Answer 3

5 different types: three granulocytes and two mononuclear

Question 4

What is a hernia?

Answer 4

It is a protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.

Question 5

What is a cystocele?

Answer 5

When part of the urinalysis bladder herniates through the vaginal wall

Question 6

What is rectocele?

Answer 6

Protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina. Anteriorly pushing toward the vagina.

Question 7

What is the difference between streptococcus and staphylococcus?

Answer 7

Streptococcus = berry-shaped bacterium, grows in twisted chains

Staphylococcus = berry-shaped bacteria that grow in small clusters like grapes

Question 8

What is diplococci?

Answer 8

Berry-shaped bacteria but in pairs. In two’s.

Question 9

What is an abscess?

Answer 9

It is a collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection

Question 10

What are the different types of hernia?

Answer 10

Hiatal hernia = the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

Inguinal hernia = intestine protrudes downward into the groin region

Question 11

What are thrombocytes or platelets?

Answer 11

Clotting cells

Question 12

What is the hemoglobin and its purpose?

Answer 12

Blood protein that carries the oxygen through the bloodstream

Question 13

What are the 5 types leukocytes?

Answer 13

N.L. M.E.B = NEVER LET MONKEYS EAT BANANAS

1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Eosinophils
5. Basophils

Question 14

What are the 3 types of granulocytes?

Answer 14

1. Eosinophils
2. Basophils
3. Neutrophils

Question 15

What is the function of the Eosinophils?

Answer 15

Active and elevated in allergic conditions such as asthma

Question 16

What is the function of Basophils?

Answer 16

Play a role in inflammation

Question 17

What is the function of Neutrophils?

Answer 17

Phagocytosis. Important disease-fighting cells.

Question 18

What are some other names for neutrophils?

Answer 18

1. Phagocytes = they have engulfing and digesting bacteria ability
2. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes = multi-lobes

Question 19

When is amniocentesis usually performed?

Answer 19

During a women’s pregnancy to find:

1. Genetic Testing
2. Fetal lung testing
3. Diagnosis of fetal infection
4. Treatment for excess aminotic fluid

Question 20

What are the two types of mononuclear leukocytes?

Answer 20

1. Lymphocytes

2. Monocytes

Question 21

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 21

Fight disease by producing antibodies that destroy foreign bodies

Question 22

What is the function of monocytes?

Answer 22

Engulfed and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attached foreign cells

Question 23

What are macrophages?

Answer 23

They are monocytes that leave the bloodstream and enter tissue to become a macrophage - large phagocytes

Question 24

What are thrombocytes?

Answer 24

Also known as platelets. Necessary for blood clotting. Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed in the bone marrow.

Question 25

What is acromegaly?

Answer 25

- It is an endocrine disorder - Occurs when the pituitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after completion of puberty - Often results from a benign tumor of the pituitary gland

Question 26

What is splenomegaly?

Answer 26

- Enlargement of the spleen | - Occurs with excessive hemolysis (RBCs destroyed)

Question 27

What is the spleen composed of, and what is its function?

Answer 27

- Composed of red and white pulp that essentially grows immune cells. - Filters and purify blood by removing dead or old RBCs. Important for immune system as it produces WBCs to fight infections.

Question 28

What is a laparoscope? Laparoscopy?

Answer 28

- A lighted telescopic instrument | - Minimally invasive surgery, used to visually examine abdominal cavity for diseases or other various procedure.

Question 29

What is tracheotomy?

Answer 29

An incision into the trachea typically done to open it below a blockage.

Question 30

What is tracheostomy?

Answer 30

An opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted

Question 31

What are adenoids? What is the literal meaning of it? | What happens if it becomes enlarged?

Answer 31

- Small masses of lymphatic tissue located in the part of the pharynx near the nose and nasal passage - Literal meaning: "resembling glands" - If it becomes too large it can block the airway from the nose to the pharynx. So surgery required.