Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are erythrocytes?
- Red blood cells
- Made in the bone marrow.
- Carry oxygen from lungs to all body cells
- Hemoglobin: blood protein
What are leukocyte?
White blood cells
How many different kinds of leukocytes?
5 different types: three granulocytes and two mononuclear
What is a hernia?
It is a protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
What is a cystocele?
When part of the urinalysis bladder herniates through the vaginal wall
What is rectocele?
Protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina. Anteriorly pushing toward the vagina.
What is the difference between streptococcus and staphylococcus?
Streptococcus = berry-shaped bacterium, grows in twisted chains
Staphylococcus = berry-shaped bacteria that grow in small clusters like grapes
What is diplococci?
Berry-shaped bacteria but in pairs. In two’s.
What is an abscess?
It is a collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection
What are the different types of hernia?
Hiatal hernia = the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
Inguinal hernia = intestine protrudes downward into the groin region
What are thrombocytes or platelets?
Clotting cells
What is the hemoglobin and its purpose?
Blood protein that carries the oxygen through the bloodstream
What are the 5 types leukocytes?
N.L. M.E.B = NEVER LET MONKEYS EAT BANANAS
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are the 3 types of granulocytes?
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Neutrophils
What is the function of the Eosinophils?
Active and elevated in allergic conditions such as asthma
What is the function of Basophils?
Play a role in inflammation
What is the function of Neutrophils?
Phagocytosis. Important disease-fighting cells.
What are some other names for neutrophils?
- Phagocytes = they have engulfing and digesting bacteria ability
- Polymorphonuclear leukocytes = multi-lobes
When is amniocentesis usually performed?
During a women’s pregnancy to find:
- Genetic Testing
- Fetal lung testing
- Diagnosis of fetal infection
- Treatment for excess aminotic fluid
What are the two types of mononuclear leukocytes?
- Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
What is the function of lymphocytes?
Fight disease by producing antibodies that destroy foreign bodies
What is the function of monocytes?
Engulfed and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attached foreign cells
What are macrophages?
They are monocytes that leave the bloodstream and enter tissue to become a macrophage - large phagocytes
What are thrombocytes?
Also known as platelets. Necessary for blood clotting. Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed in the bone marrow.
What is acromegaly?
- It is an endocrine disorder
- Occurs when the pituitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after completion of puberty
- Often results from a benign tumor of the pituitary gland
What is splenomegaly?
- Enlargement of the spleen
- Occurs with excessive hemolysis (RBCs destroyed)
What is the spleen composed of, and what is its function?
- Composed of red and white pulp that essentially grows immune cells.
- Filters and purify blood by removing dead or old RBCs. Important for immune system as it produces WBCs to fight infections.
What is a laparoscope? Laparoscopy?
- A lighted telescopic instrument
- Minimally invasive surgery, used to visually examine abdominal cavity for diseases or other various procedure.
What is tracheotomy?
An incision into the trachea typically done to open it below a blockage.
What is tracheostomy?
An opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted
What are adenoids? What is the literal meaning of it?
What happens if it becomes enlarged?
- Small masses of lymphatic tissue located in the part of the pharynx near the nose and nasal passage
- Literal meaning: “resembling glands”
- If it becomes too large it can block the airway from the nose to the pharynx. So surgery required.
