Chapter 5 - Pathology of The Digestive System

Question 1

Anorexia

Answer 1

Lack of appetite

Question 2

Ascites

Answer 2

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 3

Borborygmus or borborygmi

Answer 3

Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract

Question 4

Constipation

Answer 4

Difficulty in passing stools

Question 5

Diarrhea

Answer 5

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 6

Dysphagia

Answer 6

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 7

Eructation

Answer 7

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Question 8

Flatus

Answer 8

Gas expelled through the anus

Question 9

Hematochezia

Answer 9

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 10

Jaundice

Answer 10

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by the high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Question 11

Melina

Answer 11

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Question 12

Nausea

Answer 12

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

Question 13

Steatorrhea

Answer 13

Fat in feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

Question 14

Aphthous stomatitis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Question 15

Dental caries

Answer 15

Tooth decay

Question 16

Hermetic stomatitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the mouth by the infection with herpes virus (type 1)

Question 17

Oral Leukoplakia

Answer 17

White plaques or patches

Question 18

Periodontal disease

Answer 18

Inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

Question 19

Achalasia

Answer 19

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

Question 20

Esophageal cancer

Answer 20

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 21

Esophageal varices

Answer 21

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 22

Gastric carcinoma

Answer 22

Malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 23

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Answer 23

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Question 24

Hernia

Answer 24

Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

Question 25

Peptic ulcer

Answer 25

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 26

Anal fistula

Answer 26

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 27

Colonic Polyposis

Answer 27

Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 28

Colorectal cancer

Answer 28

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

Question 29

Crohn disease

Answer 29

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 30

Diverticulosis

Answer 30

Abnormal side pockets (outpouching) in the intestinal wall

Question 31

Dysentery

Answer 31

Painful, inflamed intestines

Question 32

Hemorrhoids

Answer 32

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 33

Ileus

Answer 33

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 34

IBD

Answer 34

Inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation of the colon and small intestine

Question 35

Intussusception

Answer 35

Telescoping of the intestines

Question 36

IBS

Answer 36

Irritable bowel syndrome. Group of Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension. No defined abnormalities in the intestines.

Question 37

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 37

Chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers

Question 38

Volvulus

Answer 38

Twisting of the intestines on itself

Question 39

Cirrhosis

Answer 39

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 40

Pancreatic cancer

Answer 40

Malignant tumor of pancreas

Question 41

Pancreatitis

Answer 41

Inflammation of the pancreas

Question 42

Viral Hepatitis

Answer 42

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Question 43

HAV = Hepatitis A

Answer 43

- Spread by contaminated food or water | - Oral-Fecal contamination. Wash your hands!

Question 44

HBV = Hepatitis B

Answer 44

- Bloodborne pathogen. Transmitted by sexual contact, blood transfusion, use of contaminated needles - Leads to chronic inflammation of the liver --> cancer in 30%

Question 45

HCV = Hepatitis C

Answer 45

- Bloodborne pathogen, can lead to liver cancer in about 30% of patients - Transmitted by blood transfusion or sharing needles

Question 46

HDV

Answer 46

Can be teratogenic in pregnant females; must be already infected with Hep B

Question 47

What is cholelithiasis?

Answer 47

Gallstones in the gallbladder

Question 48

What is cholecystectomy?

Answer 48

Surgical procedure to remove your bladder