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Medical Terminology Part 1 > Chapter 5 - Pathology of The Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Pathology of The Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of appetite

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2
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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3
Q

Borborygmus or borborygmi

A

Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract

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4
Q

Constipation

A

Difficulty in passing stools

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5
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

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6
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

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7
Q

Eructation

A

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

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8
Q

Flatus

A

Gas expelled through the anus

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9
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

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10
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by the high levels of bilirubin in the blood

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11
Q

Melina

A

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

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12
Q

Nausea

A

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

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13
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fat in feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

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14
Q

Aphthous stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

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15
Q

Dental caries

A

Tooth decay

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16
Q

Hermetic stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth by the infection with herpes virus (type 1)

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17
Q

Oral Leukoplakia

A

White plaques or patches

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18
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

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19
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

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20
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

21
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

22
Q

Gastric carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of the stomach

23
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

24
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

25
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

26
Q

Anal fistula

A

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

27
Q

Colonic Polyposis

A

Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

28
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

29
Q

Crohn disease

A

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

30
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Abnormal side pockets (outpouching) in the intestinal wall

31
Q

Dysentery

A

Painful, inflamed intestines

32
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

33
Q

Ileus

A

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

34
Q

IBD

A

Inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation of the colon and small intestine

35
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of the intestines

36
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome. Group of Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension. No defined abnormalities in the intestines.

37
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers

38
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestines on itself

39
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

40
Q

Pancreatic cancer

A

Malignant tumor of pancreas

41
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

42
Q

Viral Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

43
Q

HAV = Hepatitis A

A
  • Spread by contaminated food or water

- Oral-Fecal contamination. Wash your hands!

44
Q

HBV = Hepatitis B

A
  • Bloodborne pathogen. Transmitted by sexual contact, blood transfusion, use of contaminated needles
  • Leads to chronic inflammation of the liver –> cancer in 30%
45
Q

HCV = Hepatitis C

A
  • Bloodborne pathogen, can lead to liver cancer in about 30% of patients
  • Transmitted by blood transfusion or sharing needles
46
Q

HDV

A

Can be teratogenic in pregnant females; must be already infected with Hep B

47
Q

What is cholelithiasis?

A

Gallstones in the gallbladder

48
Q

What is cholecystectomy?

A

Surgical procedure to remove your bladder

Medical Terminology Part 1 (36 decks)

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