Chapter 5 - Pathology of The Digestive System Flashcards
Anorexia
Lack of appetite
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Borborygmus or borborygmi
Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract
Constipation
Difficulty in passing stools
Diarrhea
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
Eructation
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
Flatus
Gas expelled through the anus
Hematochezia
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
Jaundice
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by the high levels of bilirubin in the blood
Melina
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
Nausea
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit
Steatorrhea
Fat in feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter
Aphthous stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
Dental caries
Tooth decay
Hermetic stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth by the infection with herpes virus (type 1)
Oral Leukoplakia
White plaques or patches
Periodontal disease
Inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
Achalasia
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
Esophageal cancer
Malignant tumor of the esophagus
Esophageal varices
Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
Gastric carcinoma
Malignant tumor of the stomach
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
Hernia
Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
Peptic ulcer
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
Anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
Colonic Polyposis
Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
Colorectal cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
Crohn disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Diverticulosis
Abnormal side pockets (outpouching) in the intestinal wall
Dysentery
Painful, inflamed intestines
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
Ileus
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation of the colon and small intestine
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome. Group of Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension. No defined abnormalities in the intestines.
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers
Volvulus
Twisting of the intestines on itself
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
Pancreatic cancer
Malignant tumor of pancreas
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
Viral Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
HAV = Hepatitis A
- Spread by contaminated food or water
- Oral-Fecal contamination. Wash your hands!
HBV = Hepatitis B
- Bloodborne pathogen. Transmitted by sexual contact, blood transfusion, use of contaminated needles
- Leads to chronic inflammation of the liver –> cancer in 30%
HCV = Hepatitis C
- Bloodborne pathogen, can lead to liver cancer in about 30% of patients
- Transmitted by blood transfusion or sharing needles
HDV
Can be teratogenic in pregnant females; must be already infected with Hep B
What is cholelithiasis?
Gallstones in the gallbladder
What is cholecystectomy?
Surgical procedure to remove your bladder