Chapter 2 Pathologic Conditions Terms Flashcards
Anorexia
Lack of appetite
Ascities
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Borborgymi
Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
Constipation
Difficulty in passing stools (feces)
Diaherra
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools
Dysphagia (STUDY GUIDE)
Difficulty in swallowing
Eructation
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
Flatus
Gas expelled through the anus
Hematochezia
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
Jaundice (icterus)
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
Melena
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
Nausea
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit
Steatorrhea
Fat in the feces
Aphthous stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
Dental caries
Tooth decay
Herpetic stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus
Oral leukoplakia
White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
Periodontal disease
Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.
Achalasia (STUDY GUIDE)
- Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
- Disorder of the esophagus that prevents normal swallowing
Esophageal cancer
Malignant tumor of the esophagus
Esophageal varices
Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
Gastric cancer
Malignant tumor of the stomach
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD - solids and fluids return to mouth from the stomach
Hernia
Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it
Peptic ulcer
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
Anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
Colonic polyps
Polyps (benign growth) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
Colorectal cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
Crohn disease (“Crohn’s”
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Diverticulosis
Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon
Dysentery
Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Inflammation of the colon and small intestine.
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain,bloating, diarrhea, constipation), but without defined abnormalities in the intestines.
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
Volvulus (STUDY GUIDE)
Twisting of the intestine on itself. Volvulus causes intestinal obstructions.
Cholelithasis
Gallstones in the gallbladder
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Malignant tumor of the pancreas
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
Viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
