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Medical Terminology Part 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is an antigen?

A
  • A substance, usually foreign to the body, that stimulates the production of antibodies.
  • Basically a foreign substance
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2
Q

What is are antibodies?

A

Protein substances made by white blood cells in response to the presence of foreign antigens

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3
Q

What is an immune response?

A

It is the reaction between antigen and antibody

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4
Q

What is Rh condition?

A

An antigen-antibody condition that develops when there is a difference in Rh blood factor between that of the pregnant mother (Rh negative) and that of the fetus (Rh positive)

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5
Q

How does the Rh condition occur?

A
  • First pregnancy with Rh+ baby; the baby is not affected but the Rh- mother is sensitized. So will start to make antibodies against it
  • Second pregnancy with Rh+ baby; the baby develops hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) or erythroblastosis fetalis
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6
Q

What is the symptom of HDN?

A

Jaundice (yellow skin pigmentation). Jaundice results from excessive destruction of RBCs.

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7
Q

What is HDN?

A
  • Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

- Also known as erythroblastosis fetalis

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8
Q

What causes Jaundice?

A

Results from RBCs breaking down (hemolysis), and the hemoglobin within the cells will produce bilirubin (a chemical pigment). Bilirubin at high levels will cause jaundice.

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9
Q

What is congenital anomaly?

A

An irregularity in a structure or organ that an infant is born with

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10
Q

What are some examples of congenital anomalies? (Study Guide)

A

Webbed fingers or toes (syndactyly), heart defects, and clubbed feet

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11
Q

What is recombinant DNA?

A

Taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism

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12
Q

What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A

The method of producing multiple copies of a single gene

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13
Q

What is a syndrome?

A

A group of signs or symptoms that commonly occur together and indicate a particular disease or abnormal condition

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14
Q

What is the Reye syndrome?

A
  • Characterized by vomiting, swelling of the brain, increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and dysfunction of the liver.
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15
Q

What is TURP?

A
  • Transurethral resection of the prostate gland
  • A portion of the prostate gland is removed with an instrument for prostatic issue, specifically hyperplasia, that interferes with urination.
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16
Q

What is ultrasonography?

A

A diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image or photograph of an organ or tissue

17
Q

What is echocardiogram?

A

Ultrasound image of the heart

18
Q

What is sonogram?

A

Fetal ultrasound image

Medical Terminology Part 1 (36 decks)

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