Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is a neutral stimulus?
A stimulus that has no meaning to an organism
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
Evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning
What is an unconditioned response?
an unlearned action that follows an unconditioned stimulus
What is a conditioned stimulus?
A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response
What is a conditioned response?
A learned reaction to conditioned stimulus that occurs because of a previous conditioning
What is a elicited response?
A response that is drawn forth/forced more or less
What does aversion mean?
Bad
What does appetitive mean?
Good
What’s aversion conditioning?
(Garcia)
Learning to hate what you once loved
Little Albert (JB Watson)
What is systematic desensitization?
The slow deconditioning of phobias
What is flooding or exposure in aversive conditioning?
Sudden overwhelm of exposure to fear
What is acquisition?
The initial stage of learning something
What is extinction?
Gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
(suppresses doesn’t destroy)
What is spontaneous recovery?
The appearance of an extinguished response after a period of non exposure
What is the renewal effect?
If the response is distinguished in a different environment than it was learned, then when the organism is brought back to the original environment-It will repeat
What excitement is J.B. Watson known for when it comes to classical conditioning?
Little Albert
Forcing an orphan to fear things he once loved using a tuning fork and a rat
What is generalization?
Conditioned stimulus can be slightly changed and have the same effects
What is discrimination?
Conditioned stimulus is very specific and only is elicited from a specific stimulus
What is higher order conditioning?
When a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus
What experiment is is Edward Thorndike know for when it comes to Operant conditioning?
The cat in the box excitement and it remembering how to get out
What is instrumental conditioning/operant conditioning?
When a behavior is either rewarded or shown disdain for
What is the law of effect?
The greater the satisfaction or discomfort, the greater the strengthening or weakening of the pond
What excitement is Ivan Pavlov associated with?
Classical conditioning on dogs
What experiment is BF Skinner most associated with when it comes to operant conditioning?
The Skinner box with the rats or pigeons
What is operant conditioning?
When rewards and punishments are given
What is reinforcement?
When an event following a response increases an organisms tendency to make that response
What is a Skinners box?
Think of rats
What is shaping – successive approximations? (what about bob’s baby steps)
ask
What problems may occur with delayed reinforcement?
The organism may not pick up between the connection of the behavior and treat
What is primary reinforcement?
Events that are inheriting only reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs
What are secondary/conditioned reinforcer’s?
Events that require reinforcing qualities by associating them with the primary reinforcers
Awhat is positive reinforcement?
When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus
What is a negative reinforcement?
When a response is strengthened because it’s followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimuli
What is avoidance learning?
When an organism requires a response that prevent some of versus simulations from occurring
What is a escape learning?
When an organism requires a response that decreases or under a bad situation from happening
What is positive punishment?
When an aversive follows the stimulus
What is negative punishment?
When the removal of anniversary of follows the stimulus
What is a fixed schedule ratio?
Reinforced after a fixed number of responses
What is a variable schedule ratio?
Reinforcement after very numbers of responses
What is a fixed schedule interval?
Reinforcement of the first response after a fixed amount of time has passed
What is a variable schedules interval?
Reinforcement a first response after a very long time
What is observational learning
Learning through modeling behavior from others
What is the key processes of of observational learning?
Observational learning + operant conditioning = social learning theory
Who is Albert Bandura and how is he significant to the Bobo doll?
He created an experiment that showed weather aggression is observational learning or genetics.
What is aversion conditioning?
Learning to hate what you once loved
Who is John Garcia?
He deals with a virgin conditioning
What is taste aversion?
It’s one the man, Martin segment, went out with his wife and enjoy the steak with Bernis sauce. But he had a flu so he threw up a lot after eating it and can’t eat it anymore
What is preparedness?
It’s the idea that specific species are predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others
What is shaping-successive approximations?
Bobs baby steps
When the pigeon had to make baby steps when trying to be trained to make a 360• circle. He would be rewarded throughout little by little.
What is instinctive drift?
When instincts over power the training
What is the famous example of instinctive conditioning?
When brelands trained the raccoons to put change into a piggy bank, but their instincts-from rubbing food together- overcame that training
