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AP Psych > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a neutral stimulus?

A

A stimulus that has no meaning to an organism

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2
Q

What is the unconditioned stimulus?

A

Evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning

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3
Q

What is an unconditioned response?

A

an unlearned action that follows an unconditioned stimulus

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4
Q

What is a conditioned stimulus?

A

A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response

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5
Q

What is a conditioned response?

A

A learned reaction to conditioned stimulus that occurs because of a previous conditioning

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6
Q

What is a elicited response?

A

A response that is drawn forth/forced more or less

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7
Q

What does aversion mean?

A

Bad

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8
Q

What does appetitive mean?

A

Good

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9
Q

What’s aversion conditioning?

A

(Garcia)

Learning to hate what you once loved

Little Albert (JB Watson)

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10
Q

What is systematic desensitization?

A

The slow deconditioning of phobias

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11
Q

What is flooding or exposure in aversive conditioning?

A

Sudden overwhelm of exposure to fear

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12
Q

What is acquisition?

A

The initial stage of learning something

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13
Q

What is extinction?

A

Gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response

(suppresses doesn’t destroy)

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14
Q

What is spontaneous recovery?

A

The appearance of an extinguished response after a period of non exposure

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15
Q

What is the renewal effect?

A

If the response is distinguished in a different environment than it was learned, then when the organism is brought back to the original environment-It will repeat

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16
Q

What excitement is J.B. Watson known for when it comes to classical conditioning?

A

Little Albert

Forcing an orphan to fear things he once loved using a tuning fork and a rat

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17
Q

What is generalization?

A

Conditioned stimulus can be slightly changed and have the same effects

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18
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Conditioned stimulus is very specific and only is elicited from a specific stimulus

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19
Q

What is higher order conditioning?

A

When a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus

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20
Q

What experiment is is Edward Thorndike know for when it comes to Operant conditioning?

A

The cat in the box excitement and it remembering how to get out

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21
Q

What is instrumental conditioning/operant conditioning?

A

When a behavior is either rewarded or shown disdain for

22
Q

What is the law of effect?

A

The greater the satisfaction or discomfort, the greater the strengthening or weakening of the pond

23
Q

What excitement is Ivan Pavlov associated with?

A

Classical conditioning on dogs

24
Q

What experiment is BF Skinner most associated with when it comes to operant conditioning?

A

The Skinner box with the rats or pigeons

25
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

When rewards and punishments are given

26
Q

What is reinforcement?

A

When an event following a response increases an organisms tendency to make that response

27
Q

What is a Skinners box?

A

Think of rats

28
Q

What is shaping – successive approximations? (what about bob’s baby steps)

A

ask

29
Q

What problems may occur with delayed reinforcement?

A

The organism may not pick up between the connection of the behavior and treat

30
Q

What is primary reinforcement?

A

Events that are inheriting only reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs

31
Q

What are secondary/conditioned reinforcer’s?

A

Events that require reinforcing qualities by associating them with the primary reinforcers

32
Q

Awhat is positive reinforcement?

A

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus

33
Q

What is a negative reinforcement?

A

When a response is strengthened because it’s followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimuli

34
Q

What is avoidance learning?

A

When an organism requires a response that prevent some of versus simulations from occurring

35
Q

What is a escape learning?

A

When an organism requires a response that decreases or under a bad situation from happening

36
Q

What is positive punishment?

A

When an aversive follows the stimulus

37
Q

What is negative punishment?

A

When the removal of anniversary of follows the stimulus

38
Q

What is a fixed schedule ratio?

A

Reinforced after a fixed number of responses

39
Q

What is a variable schedule ratio?

A

Reinforcement after very numbers of responses

40
Q

What is a fixed schedule interval?

A

Reinforcement of the first response after a fixed amount of time has passed

41
Q

What is a variable schedules interval?

A

Reinforcement a first response after a very long time

42
Q

What is observational learning

A

Learning through modeling behavior from others

43
Q

What is the key processes of of observational learning?

A

Observational learning + operant conditioning = social learning theory

44
Q

Who is Albert Bandura and how is he significant to the Bobo doll?

A

He created an experiment that showed weather aggression is observational learning or genetics.

45
Q

What is aversion conditioning?

A

Learning to hate what you once loved

46
Q

Who is John Garcia?

A

He deals with a virgin conditioning

47
Q

What is taste aversion?

A

It’s one the man, Martin segment, went out with his wife and enjoy the steak with Bernis sauce. But he had a flu so he threw up a lot after eating it and can’t eat it anymore

48
Q

What is preparedness?

A

It’s the idea that specific species are predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others

49
Q

What is shaping-successive approximations?

A

Bobs baby steps

When the pigeon had to make baby steps when trying to be trained to make a 360• circle. He would be rewarded throughout little by little.

50
Q

What is instinctive drift?

A

When instincts over power the training

51
Q

What is the famous example of instinctive conditioning?

A

When brelands trained the raccoons to put change into a piggy bank, but their instincts-from rubbing food together- overcame that training

AP Psych (14 decks)

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