Chapter 13 Social Psychbology Flashcards
What does it mean to be prejudice?
An unjustifiable attitude towards a group of people
What does it mean to be overt?
Prejudice - no doubter
What does it mean to be subtle
Not as blatant
What is a stereotype?
Generalized belief
What are social inequalities?
A principle reason behind prejudice
What does it mean to be ingroup?
Part of “us”
What does it mean to be “out group”?
It’s “them”
What is the scapegoat theory?
The theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
What is the just-world phenomenon?
Blame the victim
Relieves anxiety
What is the attribution theory?
The idea that we give a causal explanation for someone’s behavior
What is external attribution?
We credit behavior to the situation
What is internal attribution?
Credit behavior through the persons disposition
Is situational attribution theory internal or external?
External
Is dispositional attribution theory internal or external?
Internal
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to underestimate the impact of a situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition
What is self-serving bias?
Tendency to attribute ones successes to personal factors and ones failures to situational factors
What is the active-observer bias
Attributes others behaviors to dis potion but your own behavior (even same behaviors) to situational factors
What is the mere exposure effect?
The more exposed to something the more you will like it
What is cognitive dissonance?
The discomfort caused by holding two contradictory beliefs or performing an action contradictory to our beliefs
Who is associated with cognitive dissonance?
Leon Festinger with the boring task
What is the peripheral route of persuasion?
Popularity route
What is the central route of persuasion?
The issues
What is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?
Agree to small request and gradual build up requests
What is the door-in-the-face phenomenon?
Large request at first and followed by smaller ones
What are the five factors of attraction?
Proximity Reciprocal liking Similarity Liking through association Physical attractiveness
What is conformity?
Adjusting your behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Who is associated with conformity and why?
Ashe
Zimbardo prison act
What is normative social influence?
Influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disappointment
What is informative social influence?
Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality
What was Milgram’s experiment?
Obedience
Electric shock
66% went to 450 volts
What is defensive attribution?
Tendency to blame victims for their misfortune
What is attitude?
A belief and feeling that predisposes a person to respond in a particular way to objects, other people, and events.
What is social loafing?
A reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves
What is group polarization?
Occurs when group discussion strengthens a groups dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction
What is groupthink?
Occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision
What is the bystander effect?
People are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone
What is obedience?
A form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands
What is reciprocity?
The rule that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others
What is person perception?
The process of forming impressions of others
What is social schema?
describes an organized pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them.
Why do humans make attributions?
To lessen anxiety and make send of the social world
What is social psychology?
It considers how individuals interact with each other and society at large
