Chapter 2

Question 1

Positive correlation

Answer 1

Two variables co-vary in the same way

Ex: supply ^ = quantity bought ^

Question 2

Negative correlation

Answer 2

Two variables co-vary in opposite directions

Ex: gas price ^= down in how much people drive

Question 3

Strength of correlation

Answer 3

Stronger relationship is the farther away from zero you are

Question 4

Inferential statistics

Answer 4

Used to interpret data and draw conclusions

Question 5

Statistical significance

Answer 5

Exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low

Question 6

Sample bias

Answer 6

Exists when a sample isn’t representative of the public/population it came from

Question 7

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 7

Exists when two variables are related to each other

Question 8

Descriptive statistics

Answer 8

Used to organize and summarize data

Might create a frequency distribution

Measure of tenancy and maybe histograms or Polygraphs

Question 9

Operational definition

Answer 9

It describes the plan of how the actions will occur and that will be used to measure or controlled variable

Question 10

Social desirability bias

Answer 10

A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself

Question 11

Self-Report bias

Answer 11

Subject verbal accounts of their behavior

Question 12

Experimental group

Answer 12

The group that receives special treatment

Question 13

Control group

Answer 13

The group that is controlled and does not have any special treatment

Question 14

Scientific method

Answer 14

1) Formulate a testable hypothesis
2) celeste the research method and designed the study
3) collect the data
4) analyze the data and draw conclusions
5) Report the findings in a journal

Question 15

What is it mean, median, mode, and range?

Answer 15

Mean – the average

Median – the middle

Mode – the most occurrence

Range – the highest data point and lowest data point

Question 16

Case study

Answer 16

An in-depth investigation of an individual subject

I. E. Interviews, looking at our wards, psychological testing

Question 17

Survey

Answer 17

Use questionnaires or interviews together information about specific aspects of participants backgrounds, attitudes, beliefs or behaviors

Question 18

Questionnaire

Answer 18

A series of questions used to gather information about specific aspects of participants background, attitude, beliefs or behavior

Question 19

Naturalistic observation

Answer 19

Observes people directly and carefully, but does not intervene with the subject itself

Question 20

Independent variable

Answer 20

The variable that you effect

Question 21

Dependent variable

Answer 21

The measurement of the outcome

Question 22

Extraneous variables

Answer 22

I need variable that influences the dependent variable and a specific study
- that is not the independent variable

Question 23

Variability and standard deviation

Answer 23

Standard deviation is the variance of scores around the mean

Scientists want small standard deviation because it’s more consistent

Question 24

Experimenter bias

Answer 24

Occurs when a researchers expectations or preferences about the outcome of the study influences the results obtained

Question 25

Psychological testing

Answer 25

An objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior