Chapter 12: Personality Flashcards
What is extraversion?
Outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, assertive
What is neuroticism?
Anxious, hostile, self-confidence, insecure, vulnerable
What does it mean to be open to experience?
Curiosity, flexibility, fantasy, imaginativeness
What is it mean to have agreeableness?
Sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest, straightforward
What does it mean to be conscientious?
Disciplined, well organized, punctual, dependable
What is the ID of personality?
“I want”
Basic biological drive
Sexual and aggressive desires
What is the Super Ego of personality?
“I should”
Standard judgement of morals
What is the Ego of personality?
“I plan”
Boss of conscious
Mediates the desires of Id and Super Ego
What does the oral stage have to do with according to Freud?
Birth to 1.5 years old
Weening off of breast feeding
Dependency on others
What does the anal stage have to do with according to Freud?
1.5 to 2.5 years old
Toilet training
Anal expulsive
Anal retentive
What does it mean if you’re anal expulsive?
Trained late
Easy going, sloppy
What does it mean to be Ana retentive?
Trained on time
Careful, obsessively clean
What does the phallic stage have to do with according to Freud?
2.5-6 years old
Oedipus and Electra complex
Crush on mom or dad
What does the latency stage have to do with according to Freud?
6 to preadolescent
Sublimation
Child explores world and new skills
Sexual desires are repressed
What does the genital stage have to do with according to Freud?
Adolescents to older
Seek marriage partner
What is a fixation?
Failure to Move Forward from One Stage to Another as Expected
What are some defense mechanisms?
Repression, rationalization, sublimation, reaction information, identification, displacement, compensation, fantasy, regression, projection
What is projection?
The tendency to attribute your own thoughts and impulses onto others
What is regression?
Reverting back to childhood behaviors
What is repression?
Pushing thoughts into the unconscious
What is sublimation?
Redirecting forbidden desire into a socially acceptable one
Who was Carl Jung in terms of personality?
Less emphasis on social factors
Focused on the unconscious
all have a collected unconscious
What is a collective unconscious?
Seared inherited wealth of memory traces from our species history
What are archetypes?
Emotionally charged images, thoughts that have universal meaning
What can you see ego as?
True self
What can you see persona as?
Your mask
What can you see shadow as?
Your fears
What is health of self?
When your ego and persona match
What is the personal unconscious?
Repressed or forgotten thoughts
What are the three levels of consciousness?
Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
What is the conscious level?
What you’re willing to reveal
What is the preconscious level?
Bring your unconscious to conscious
Memories and stored knowledge
What is the unconscious level?
Repressed feelings
Who was the famous patient that complained about problems that had no physical cause?
Annie o
What is factor analysis?
Correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables
What is observational learning?
When an organism is responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models
What is self – efficiency?
Refers to one’s beliefs about one’s ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes
What is self-concept?
A collection of believes about one’s own nature, unique qualities and typical behavior
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority and which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused
What is self actualization?
The need to for fill one’s potential
People with exceptionally healthy personalities, marked by continued personal growth
What is incongruence?
The degree of disparity between one self-concept and ones actual experience
What is the Psychodynamic Theory?
All Diverse Theories descended from work of Sigmund Freud, which focus on Unconscious Mental Forces.
Freud Believes Conflicts in Aggression and Sexual Impulses in the ID, Ego, and SuperEgo determine Behavior.
True
What is Adler’s Striving for Superiority?
A Universal Drive to Adapt, Improve Oneself, and Master Life’s Challenges
What is Bandera’s Social Cognitive Theory?
People are Shaped by their Environments, and People shape their Environments with Goals, etc.
What is reciprocal determinism?
Internal Mental Events, External Environmental Events, and Overt Behavior all Influence one Another.
Higher Self-Efficacy or Higher Self-Confidence leads to better Performance.
Yup
According to Walter Michelle what is the situational determination of trait/behavior?
Behavior is Characterized by more Situational Specificity rather than Consistency.
What is Congruency?
when Self-Concept is very similar to Actual Experience, and has less Anxiety.
What are the traits of the 5 factory model of personality?
Extraversion, neuroticism, openness to expirence, agreeableness and conscientiousness.
Two major areas that personality theorists study are…
Consistency and distinctiveness
What is Freud’s theory of personality and development?
There are a bunch of stages that lead to personality.
What is the Oedipal complex and Electra complex?
When females tend to act like their mom and males tend to act like their dad
What is Alfred adlers inferiority complex?
The exaggerated feelings of weakness in compensation overcoming imagined imferiorities
What is the humanistic. Theories of personality – Rogers and Maslow
Thought that humans are complex being controlled their destinies
What is the behaviors theory
Freud and his stages
Who is Raymond kids house?
Man who narrowed down Gordon’s thousands of adjectives to only 16
Who is Gordon Allport?
Created thousands of adjectives to describe people
Who is Hans Eyseneck?
He believed that personality is from hereditary
