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AP Psych > Chapter 12: Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What is extraversion?

A

Outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, assertive

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2
Q

What is neuroticism?

A

Anxious, hostile, self-confidence, insecure, vulnerable

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3
Q

What does it mean to be open to experience?

A

Curiosity, flexibility, fantasy, imaginativeness

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4
Q

What is it mean to have agreeableness?

A

Sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest, straightforward

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5
Q

What does it mean to be conscientious?

A

Disciplined, well organized, punctual, dependable

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6
Q

What is the ID of personality?

A

“I want”

Basic biological drive
Sexual and aggressive desires

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7
Q

What is the Super Ego of personality?

A

“I should”

Standard judgement of morals

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8
Q

What is the Ego of personality?

A

“I plan”

Boss of conscious
Mediates the desires of Id and Super Ego

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9
Q

What does the oral stage have to do with according to Freud?

A

Birth to 1.5 years old

Weening off of breast feeding

Dependency on others

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10
Q

What does the anal stage have to do with according to Freud?

A

1.5 to 2.5 years old

Toilet training

Anal expulsive
Anal retentive

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11
Q

What does it mean if you’re anal expulsive?

A

Trained late

Easy going, sloppy

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12
Q

What does it mean to be Ana retentive?

A

Trained on time

Careful, obsessively clean

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13
Q

What does the phallic stage have to do with according to Freud?

A

2.5-6 years old

Oedipus and Electra complex

Crush on mom or dad

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14
Q

What does the latency stage have to do with according to Freud?

A

6 to preadolescent

Sublimation

Child explores world and new skills
Sexual desires are repressed

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15
Q

What does the genital stage have to do with according to Freud?

A

Adolescents to older

Seek marriage partner

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16
Q

What is a fixation?

A

Failure to Move Forward from One Stage to Another as Expected

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17
Q

What are some defense mechanisms?

A

Repression, rationalization, sublimation, reaction information, identification, displacement, compensation, fantasy, regression, projection

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18
Q

What is projection?

A

The tendency to attribute your own thoughts and impulses onto others

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19
Q

What is regression?

A

Reverting back to childhood behaviors

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20
Q

What is repression?

A

Pushing thoughts into the unconscious

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21
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Redirecting forbidden desire into a socially acceptable one

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22
Q

Who was Carl Jung in terms of personality?

A

Less emphasis on social factors

Focused on the unconscious

all have a collected unconscious

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23
Q

What is a collective unconscious?

A

Seared inherited wealth of memory traces from our species history

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24
Q

What are archetypes?

A

Emotionally charged images, thoughts that have universal meaning

25
Q

What can you see ego as?

A

True self

26
Q

What can you see persona as?

A

Your mask

27
Q

What can you see shadow as?

A

Your fears

28
Q

What is health of self?

A

When your ego and persona match

29
Q

What is the personal unconscious?

A

Repressed or forgotten thoughts

30
Q

What are the three levels of consciousness?

A

Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious

31
Q

What is the conscious level?

A

What you’re willing to reveal

32
Q

What is the preconscious level?

A

Bring your unconscious to conscious

Memories and stored knowledge

33
Q

What is the unconscious level?

A

Repressed feelings

34
Q

Who was the famous patient that complained about problems that had no physical cause?

A

Annie o

35
Q

What is factor analysis?

A

Correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

36
Q

What is observational learning?

A

When an organism is responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models

37
Q

What is self – efficiency?

A

Refers to one’s beliefs about one’s ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes

38
Q

What is self-concept?

A

A collection of believes about one’s own nature, unique qualities and typical behavior

39
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

A systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority and which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused

40
Q

What is self actualization?

A

The need to for fill one’s potential

People with exceptionally healthy personalities, marked by continued personal growth

41
Q

What is incongruence?

A

The degree of disparity between one self-concept and ones actual experience

42
Q

What is the Psychodynamic Theory?

A

All Diverse Theories descended from work of Sigmund Freud, which focus on Unconscious Mental Forces.

43
Q

Freud Believes Conflicts in Aggression and Sexual Impulses in the ID, Ego, and SuperEgo determine Behavior.

A

True

44
Q

What is Adler’s Striving for Superiority?

A

A Universal Drive to Adapt, Improve Oneself, and Master Life’s Challenges

45
Q

What is Bandera’s Social Cognitive Theory?

A

People are Shaped by their Environments, and People shape their Environments with Goals, etc.

46
Q

What is reciprocal determinism?

A

Internal Mental Events, External Environmental Events, and Overt Behavior all Influence one Another.

47
Q

Higher Self-Efficacy or Higher Self-Confidence leads to better Performance.

A

Yup

48
Q

According to Walter Michelle what is the situational determination of trait/behavior?

A

Behavior is Characterized by more Situational Specificity rather than Consistency.

49
Q

What is Congruency?

A

when Self-Concept is very similar to Actual Experience, and has less Anxiety.

50
Q

What are the traits of the 5 factory model of personality?

A

Extraversion, neuroticism, openness to expirence, agreeableness and conscientiousness.

51
Q

Two major areas that personality theorists study are…

A

Consistency and distinctiveness

52
Q

What is Freud’s theory of personality and development?

A

There are a bunch of stages that lead to personality.

53
Q

What is the Oedipal complex and Electra complex?

A

When females tend to act like their mom and males tend to act like their dad

54
Q

What is Alfred adlers inferiority complex?

A

The exaggerated feelings of weakness in compensation overcoming imagined imferiorities

55
Q

What is the humanistic. Theories of personality – Rogers and Maslow

A

Thought that humans are complex being controlled their destinies

56
Q

What is the behaviors theory

A

Freud and his stages

57
Q

Who is Raymond kids house?

A

Man who narrowed down Gordon’s thousands of adjectives to only 16

58
Q

Who is Gordon Allport?

A

Created thousands of adjectives to describe people

59
Q

Who is Hans Eyseneck?

A

He believed that personality is from hereditary

AP Psych (14 decks)

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