Chapter 14 psychological Disorders Flashcards
What is the perspective of humanistic of mental illnesses?
Failure to strive to one’s potential or being out of touch with one’s feelings.
What is the perspective of behavioral of mental illnesses?
Reinforcement history, the environment.
What is the perspective of cognitive of mental illnesses?
Irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking.
What is the perspective of socio-cultural of mental illnesses?
Dysfunctional Society
What is the perspective of biomedical/neuroscience of mental illnesses?
Organic problems, biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions.
What is a diagnosis?
Distinguishing one illness from another
What is etiology?
Refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness
What is prognosis?
A forecast about the probable course of an illness
What is epidemiology?
the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.
What is concordance rate?
Indicates the percentage of twin pairs of other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder
What is preparedness?
People are biologically prepared by their evolutionary history to acquire some fears much more easily than others
What does DSM-5 stand for
Diagnostic statistical marvel of disorders
What is the purpose of DSM-V?
the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States and contains a listing of diagnostic criteria for every psychiatric disorder recognized by the U.S. healthcare system.
What are the abnormalities and criteria for DSM-V?
Deviance, maladaptive behavior, and personal distress
What is deviance?
What is considered normal in society
What is maladaptive behavior
Judged to have psychological disorders bc their everyday adaptive behavior is impaired
What is personal distress?
Based on an individual’s report of great personal distress
What are considered anxiety and related disorders?
Chronic, high levels of anxiety that is not tied to specific threat
What neurotransmitter could play a role in anxiety and related disorders?
GABA
What are specific phobias?
They involve a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger
What’s an example of a specific phobia?
Claustrophobia
What is agoraphobia?
Fear of going to public places
What is a panic disorder?
Characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
Marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat
What’s free floating anxiety?
General anxiety of everything
What are the two perspectives best explain specific phobias?
Behavioral and biological
What type of conditioning is used to create phobias?
Classical
What type of conditioning is used to maintain phobias?
Operant
What is social anxiety disorder?
A chronic mental health condition in which social interactions cause irrational anxiety.
What is OCD?
Persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action
What is post-traumatic stress disorder?
Re-experiencing (flashbacks) of what happened
What are somatic disorders and related disorders?
Bodily symptoms (such as loss of function or pain) experienced as a result of extreme stress
What is a hypochondriac?
Overrated about every ache and pain in their body
What is a conversion disorder?
Report the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason (blindness or paralysis)
What are dissociative and related disorders?
Disruption of cognitive functioning in which identity, consciousness and memory can be impaired causing the person to experience confusion and discontinuity
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder?
Several integrated personalities
What is dissociative amnesia?
Person can’t remember things w/no physiological cause for disruption in memory
What is dissociative fugue?
Wandering around because they have no idea who they are
What is bipolar disorder?
Sporadic periods of highs and lows
What is schizophrenia?
Severely disordered thinking; bizarre behavior, inability to separate reality vs fantasy
What neurotransmitter is related to schizophrenia?
Dopamine
What are delusions of persecution?
Someone is out to get them, they’re usually violent
What is delusions of grandeur?
Believe they have a greater gift/power
What are hallucinations?
sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input
What is word salad?
When they believe they’re saying a sentence but they jumble up a bunch of relevant words that are make sense with certain words in the sentence and it becomes like a code
What is catatonia?
Someone’s whos motionless or has little movement
What’s are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Too much
Hallucinations, delusions
What’s are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Too little
No emotion
What are major depressive disorders?
People show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure
What is Affect?
Emotional response
What is bulimia nervosa?
Over-eating then vomitting
What is anorexia nervosa?
Fear of gaining weight so they don’t eat
What is binge-eating?
Just over eating
What are eating disorders?
Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight concerns and unhealthy efforts to control weight
What type of thinking is related with Martin Seligman?
Positive/ optimistic
What is the antisocial personality disorder?
Person has no conscious, they do everything to benefit themselves and don’t care about the law or what happens to others
What is a borderline personality disorder?
Clingy to different groups of people, don’t really establish who they are, wear out their welcome where ever they go
What is the perspective of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic of mental illnesses?
Internal, unconscious drives
What are personality disorders?
A class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning
What is seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
Mood changes with the weather, usually depressed during the winter
What is bipolar?
Highs and lows are emphasized
What is the persistent depressive disorder?
Depression that lasts longer than two years
What does it mean to be criminally insane?
indicates a pattern of behavior in which the person will use any means to accomplish what they want-which is usually escape from confinement and then rape/.torture/murder/ robbery or whatever the chosen crime of choice of the criminally insane person presents.
What is psychopathology?
the scientific study of mental disorders.
What is a phobia?
Fear of something
