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AP Psych > Chapter 14 psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 14 psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the perspective of humanistic of mental illnesses?

A

Failure to strive to one’s potential or being out of touch with one’s feelings.

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2
Q

What is the perspective of behavioral of mental illnesses?

A

Reinforcement history, the environment.

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3
Q

What is the perspective of cognitive of mental illnesses?

A

Irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking.

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4
Q

What is the perspective of socio-cultural of mental illnesses?

A

Dysfunctional Society

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5
Q

What is the perspective of biomedical/neuroscience of mental illnesses?

A

Organic problems, biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions.

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6
Q

What is a diagnosis?

A

Distinguishing one illness from another

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7
Q

What is etiology?

A

Refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

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8
Q

What is prognosis?

A

A forecast about the probable course of an illness

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9
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

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10
Q

What is concordance rate?

A

Indicates the percentage of twin pairs of other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder

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11
Q

What is preparedness?

A

People are biologically prepared by their evolutionary history to acquire some fears much more easily than others

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12
Q

What does DSM-5 stand for

A

Diagnostic statistical marvel of disorders

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13
Q

What is the purpose of DSM-V?

A

the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States and contains a listing of diagnostic criteria for every psychiatric disorder recognized by the U.S. healthcare system.

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14
Q

What are the abnormalities and criteria for DSM-V?

A

Deviance, maladaptive behavior, and personal distress

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15
Q

What is deviance?

A

What is considered normal in society

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16
Q

What is maladaptive behavior

A

Judged to have psychological disorders bc their everyday adaptive behavior is impaired

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17
Q

What is personal distress?

A

Based on an individual’s report of great personal distress

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18
Q

What are considered anxiety and related disorders?

A

Chronic, high levels of anxiety that is not tied to specific threat

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19
Q

What neurotransmitter could play a role in anxiety and related disorders?

A

GABA

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20
Q

What are specific phobias?

A

They involve a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

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21
Q

What’s an example of a specific phobia?

A

Claustrophobia

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22
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Fear of going to public places

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23
Q

What is a panic disorder?

A

Characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

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24
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat

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25
Q

What’s free floating anxiety?

A

General anxiety of everything

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26
Q

What are the two perspectives best explain specific phobias?

A

Behavioral and biological

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27
Q

What type of conditioning is used to create phobias?

A

Classical

28
Q

What type of conditioning is used to maintain phobias?

A

Operant

29
Q

What is social anxiety disorder?

A

A chronic mental health condition in which social interactions cause irrational anxiety.

30
Q

What is OCD?

A

Persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action

31
Q

What is post-traumatic stress disorder?

A

Re-experiencing (flashbacks) of what happened

32
Q

What are somatic disorders and related disorders?

A

Bodily symptoms (such as loss of function or pain) experienced as a result of extreme stress

33
Q

What is a hypochondriac?

A

Overrated about every ache and pain in their body

34
Q

What is a conversion disorder?

A

Report the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason (blindness or paralysis)

35
Q

What are dissociative and related disorders?

A

Disruption of cognitive functioning in which identity, consciousness and memory can be impaired causing the person to experience confusion and discontinuity

36
Q

What is Dissociative Identity Disorder?

A

Several integrated personalities

37
Q

What is dissociative amnesia?

A

Person can’t remember things w/no physiological cause for disruption in memory

38
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

Wandering around because they have no idea who they are

39
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Sporadic periods of highs and lows

40
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

Severely disordered thinking; bizarre behavior, inability to separate reality vs fantasy

41
Q

What neurotransmitter is related to schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine

42
Q

What are delusions of persecution?

A

Someone is out to get them, they’re usually violent

43
Q

What is delusions of grandeur?

A

Believe they have a greater gift/power

44
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input

45
Q

What is word salad?

A

When they believe they’re saying a sentence but they jumble up a bunch of relevant words that are make sense with certain words in the sentence and it becomes like a code

46
Q

What is catatonia?

A

Someone’s whos motionless or has little movement

47
Q

What’s are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Too much

Hallucinations, delusions

48
Q

What’s are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Too little

No emotion

49
Q

What are major depressive disorders?

A

People show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

50
Q

What is Affect?

A

Emotional response

51
Q

What is bulimia nervosa?

A

Over-eating then vomitting

52
Q

What is anorexia nervosa?

A

Fear of gaining weight so they don’t eat

53
Q

What is binge-eating?

A

Just over eating

54
Q

What are eating disorders?

A

Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight concerns and unhealthy efforts to control weight

55
Q

What type of thinking is related with Martin Seligman?

A

Positive/ optimistic

56
Q

What is the antisocial personality disorder?

A

Person has no conscious, they do everything to benefit themselves and don’t care about the law or what happens to others

57
Q

What is a borderline personality disorder?

A

Clingy to different groups of people, don’t really establish who they are, wear out their welcome where ever they go

58
Q

What is the perspective of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic of mental illnesses?

A

Internal, unconscious drives

59
Q

What are personality disorders?

A

A class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning

60
Q

What is seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

A

Mood changes with the weather, usually depressed during the winter

61
Q

What is bipolar?

A

Highs and lows are emphasized

62
Q

What is the persistent depressive disorder?

A

Depression that lasts longer than two years

63
Q

What does it mean to be criminally insane?

A

indicates a pattern of behavior in which the person will use any means to accomplish what they want-which is usually escape from confinement and then rape/.torture/murder/ robbery or whatever the chosen crime of choice of the criminally insane person presents.

64
Q

What is psychopathology?

A

the scientific study of mental disorders.

65
Q

What is a phobia?

A

Fear of something

AP Psych (14 decks)

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