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AP Psych > Chapter 4 Sensation And Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Sensation And Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

What is absolute threshold?

A

The minimum stimulus that a person can detect

We only perceive half the time

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2
Q

What is Weber’s law?

A

The more intense the stimulus the more change needed to notice the difference

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3
Q

What is the signal detection theory?

A

Predicts how we detect a stimulus amid other stimuli

Assumes no absolute threshold

We detect stuff based on our experiences, motivations and fatigue levels

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4
Q

Signal detection theory:

Present + present

A

Hit

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5
Q

Signal detection theory:

Present +absent

A

Miss

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6
Q

Signal detection theory:

Absent + absent

A

Correct rejection

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7
Q

Signal detection theory:

Absent + present

A

False alarm

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8
Q

What is subliminal stimulation?

A

Fall just below absolute threshold (50% of the time) for conscious awareness

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9
Q

What is subliminal perception?

A

Below absolute threshold

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10
Q

What do the rods of the retina pick up?

A

Brightness

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11
Q

What do cones in the retina pick up?

A

Color

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12
Q

What is intensity?

A

Amplitude which is how bright the color is

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13
Q

What does wavelength determine?

A

Determines the hue

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14
Q

What is hue?

A

Color

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15
Q

What is the trichromatic theory?

A

Three types of cones:
Red
Green
Blue

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16
Q

What is the opponent-process theory of color vision?

A

Sensory receptors corn in pairs

If one color is stimulated, the other is inhibited

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17
Q

What is the place pitch theory?

A

Only some hairs vibrate in the cochlea when there are different pitches

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18
Q

What is the frequency pitch theory?

A

All hairs vibrate at once but at different rates

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19
Q

What does the amplitude part of hearing change?

A

Loudness

20
Q

What does the frequency of sound waves deal with?

A

Pitch

21
Q

What is top-down processing?

A

We perceive by filling the gaps in what we sense

Based on our experience and schema

22
Q

What is bottom-up processing?

A

Feature analysis

We use the features on the object itself to build a perception

I.e. A puzzle

23
Q

What is the figure ground relationship?

A

Our first perceptual decision is what our attention is initially drawn to, determining the figure and the background

24
Q

What are subjective contours?

A

The mind forms shapes that don’t exist

25
Q

What is Gestalt psychology?

A

Reality is organized or reduced to the simplest form

26
Q

What is purity of light?

A

Saturation of color

27
Q

What is the perceptual set?

A

The failure to see visible object or events because ones attention is focused elsewhere

28
Q

What is the phi phenomenon?

A

The illusion of movement created by presenting a visual stimuli in rapid succession

29
Q

What is depth perception?

A

Interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are

30
Q

What is convergence?

A

Involves sending the eyes converging toward each other as they focus on closer objects

31
Q

What are monocular depth cues?

A

Clues about distance based on one eye alone

32
Q

What are the binocular depth cues?

A

Clues about distances based on the image of both eyes

33
Q

What controls pitch?

A

Frequency

34
Q

What controls brightness?

A

Amplitude

35
Q

What is the wavelength of light?

A

400-700 nanometers

36
Q

What is closure?

A

Closing the circle

37
Q

What is similarity?

A

Elements that are similar tend to be grouped together

38
Q

What is simplicity?

A

Viewers tend to organize elements in the simplest way possible

39
Q

What is proximity?

A

Elements that are close to one another tend to be grouped together

40
Q

What is continuity?

A

Viewers that are similar tend to see elements in ways that produce smooth continuation

41
Q

What is linear perspective?

A

A depth cue reflecting the fact that lines converge in the distance

42
Q

What is interposition?

A

An object that comes between you and another object, it must be closer to you

43
Q

What is relative size?

A

A cue because closer objects appear larger

44
Q

What is depth perception?

A

Involved interpretation of visual cues that indicate how far or near objects are

45
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Decreases responsiveness to stimuli due to constant stimulation

AP Psych (14 decks)

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