Chapter 6 Flashcards
Mental Operations
Cognitive actions that can be performed on objects or ideas
Deductive Reasoning
Drawing conclusions from facts; characteristic of formal-operational thought
Working Memory
Type of memory in which a small number of items can be briefly stored
Long-term Memory
Permanent storehouse for memories that has unlimited capacity
Organization
As applied to children’s memory, a strategy in which information to be remembered is structured so that related information is placed together
Elaboration
Memory strategy in which information is embellished to make it more memorable
Metamemory
Person’s informal understanding of memory; includes the ability to diagnose memory problems accurately and to monitor the effectiveness of memory strategies
Metacognitive Knowledge
A person’s knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes
Cognitive Self-Regulation
Skill at identifying goals, selecting effective strategies, and accurate monitoring; a characteristics of successful students
Psychometricians
Psychologists who specialize in measuring psychological traits such as intelligence and personality
Emotional Intelligence
Ability to use one’s own and other’s emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily
Analytic Ability
In Sternberg’s theory of Intelligence the ability to analyze problems and generate different solutions
Creative Ability
In Sternberg’s theory of Intelligence the ability to deal adaptively with novel situations and problems
Practical Ability
In Sternberg’s theory of Intelligence the ability to know which problem solutions are likely to work
Metal Age
In Intelligence Testing a measure of children’s performance corresponding to the chronological age of whose performance equals the child’s
Intelligence Quotient
IQ; Mathematical representation of how a person scores on an intelligence test in relation to how other people of the same age score
Culture-Fair Intelligence Tests
Intelligence tests devised using items common to many cultures
Stereotype Threat
An evoked fear of being judged in accordance with a negative stereotype about a group to which you belong
Convergent Thinking
Using information to arrive at one standard and correct answer
Divergent Thinking
Thinking in novel and unusual directions
Intellectual Disability
Substantially below average intelligence and problems adapting to an environment that emerge before the age of 18
Learning Disability
When a child with normal intelligence has difficulty mastering at least one academic subject
Word Recognition
The process of identifying a unique pattern of letters
Comprehension
The process of extracting meaning from a sequence of words
Phonological Awareness
The ability to hear the distinctive sounds of letters
Knowledge-Telling Strategy
Writing down information as it is retrieved from memory, a common practice for young writers
Knowledge-Transforming Strategy
Deciding what information to including and how to best organize it to convey a point
