Chapter 6

Question 1

Mental Operations

Answer 1

Cognitive actions that can be performed on objects or ideas

Question 2

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 2

Drawing conclusions from facts; characteristic of formal-operational thought

Question 3

Working Memory

Answer 3

Type of memory in which a small number of items can be briefly stored

Question 4

Long-term Memory

Answer 4

Permanent storehouse for memories that has unlimited capacity

Question 5

Organization

Answer 5

As applied to children’s memory, a strategy in which information to be remembered is structured so that related information is placed together

Question 6

Elaboration

Answer 6

Memory strategy in which information is embellished to make it more memorable

Question 7

Metamemory

Answer 7

Person’s informal understanding of memory; includes the ability to diagnose memory problems accurately and to monitor the effectiveness of memory strategies

Question 8

Metacognitive Knowledge

Answer 8

A person’s knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes

Question 9

Cognitive Self-Regulation

Answer 9

Skill at identifying goals, selecting effective strategies, and accurate monitoring; a characteristics of successful students

Question 10

Psychometricians

Answer 10

Psychologists who specialize in measuring psychological traits such as intelligence and personality

Question 11

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 11

Ability to use one’s own and other’s emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily

Question 12

Analytic Ability

Answer 12

In Sternberg’s theory of Intelligence the ability to analyze problems and generate different solutions

Question 13

Creative Ability

Answer 13

In Sternberg’s theory of Intelligence the ability to deal adaptively with novel situations and problems

Question 14

Practical Ability

Answer 14

In Sternberg’s theory of Intelligence the ability to know which problem solutions are likely to work

Question 15

Metal Age

Answer 15

In Intelligence Testing a measure of children’s performance corresponding to the chronological age of whose performance equals the child’s

Question 16

Intelligence Quotient

Answer 16

IQ; Mathematical representation of how a person scores on an intelligence test in relation to how other people of the same age score

Question 17

Culture-Fair Intelligence Tests

Answer 17

Intelligence tests devised using items common to many cultures

Question 18

Stereotype Threat

Answer 18

An evoked fear of being judged in accordance with a negative stereotype about a group to which you belong

Question 19

Convergent Thinking

Answer 19

Using information to arrive at one standard and correct answer

Question 20

Divergent Thinking

Answer 20

Thinking in novel and unusual directions

Question 21

Intellectual Disability

Answer 21

Substantially below average intelligence and problems adapting to an environment that emerge before the age of 18

Question 22

Learning Disability

Answer 22

When a child with normal intelligence has difficulty mastering at least one academic subject

Question 23

Word Recognition

Answer 23

The process of identifying a unique pattern of letters

Question 24

Comprehension

Answer 24

The process of extracting meaning from a sequence of words

Question 25

Phonological Awareness

Answer 25

The ability to hear the distinctive sounds of letters

Question 26

Knowledge-Telling Strategy

Answer 26

Writing down information as it is retrieved from memory, a common practice for young writers

Question 27

Knowledge-Transforming Strategy

Answer 27

Deciding what information to including and how to best organize it to convey a point