Chapter 14

Question 1

Demographers

Answer 1

People who study population trends

Question 2

Population Pyramid

Answer 2

Graphic technique for illustrating population trends

Question 3

Longevity

Answer 3

Number of years a person can expect to live

Question 4

Average Life Expectancy

Answer 4

The age at which half of all the people born in a particular year will have died

Question 5

Useful Life Expectancy

Answer 5

The number of years that a person is free from debilitating chronic disease and impairment

Question 6

Maximum Life Expectancy

Answer 6

The oldest age to which any person lives

Question 7

Programmed Theories

Answer 7

Theory that aging is biologically or genetically programmed

Question 8

Wear-and-Tear Theory

Answer 8

Suggests that the body, much like any machine gradually deteriorates and wears out

Question 9

Free Radicals

Answer 9

Chemicals produced randomly during normal cell metabolism and that bond easily to other substances inside cells

Question 10

Cross Linking

Answer 10

Random interaction of some proteins with certain body tissues, such as muscle and arteries

Question 11

Cellular Theories

Answer 11

Explanation of aging that focuses on processes that occur within individual cells that may lead to the buildup of harmful substances or the deterioration of cells over a lifetime

Question 12

Telomeres

Answer 12

Tips of the chromosomes that shorten and break with increasing age

Question 13

Neurofibrillary Tangles

Answer 13

Spiral shaped masses formed when fibers that compose the axon become twisted together

Question 14

Neuritic Plastic

Answer 14

Structural change in the brain produced when damaged and dying neurons collect around a core of a protein

Question 15

Neurotransmitters

Answer 15

Chemicals released by neurons in order for them to communicate with each other

Question 16

Stroke; Cerebral Vascular Accident

Answer 16

An interrupting of the blood flow in the brain due to blockage or a hemorrhage in a cerebral artery

Question 17

Transient Ischemic Attack

Answer 17

An interrupting of blood flow to the brain; often an early warning sign of stroke

Question 18

Vascular Dementia

Answer 18

Disease caused by numerous small cerebral vascular accident

Question 19

Chronic Obtrusive Pulmonary Disease

Answer 19

The most common form of incapacitating respiratory disease among older adults

Question 20

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 20

Brain disease known primarily for the characteristic motor symptoms: very slow walking, difficulty getting into and out of chairs, and a slow hand tremor

Question 21

Presbyopia

Answer 21

Difficulty seeing close objects clearly

Question 22

Presbycusis

Answer 22

Reduced sensitivity to high pitched tones

Question 23

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 23

Sleep-wake cycle

Question 24

Psychomotor Speed

Answer 24

The speed with which a person can make a specific response

Question 25

Useful Field of View

Answer 25

An area from which one can extract visual information in a single glance without turning one’s head or moving one’s eyes

Question 26

Working Memory

Answer 26

The process and structure involved in holding information in mind and simultaneously using it for other functions

Question 27

Explicit Memory

Answer 27

The deliberate and conscious remembering of information that is learned and remembered at a specific time

Question 28

Implicit Memory

Answer 28

The unconscious remembering of information learned at some earlier point

Question 29

Episodic Memory

Answer 29

The general class of memory having to do with the conscious recollection of information from a specific time of event

Question 30

Semantic Memory

Answer 30

The general class of memory having to do with the conscious recollection of information from a specific time or event

Question 31

Autobiographical Memory

Answer 31

Memory for events that occur during one’s life

Question 32

External Aids

Answer 32

Memory aids that rely on environmental resources, such as notebooks or calenders

Question 33

Internal Aids

Answer 33

Memory that rely on mental process, such as imagery

Question 34

Dysphoria

Answer 34

Feeling sad or down

Question 35

Medications for severe depression

Answer 35

Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs), Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Question 36

Behavior Therapy

Answer 36

Type of therapy based on the notion that depressed people experience too few rewards from their environment

Question 37

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 37

Type of therapy based on the idea that maladaptive beliefs or cognition about oneself are responsible for depression

Question 38

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 38

Problems such as feelings of severe anxiety, phobias, and OCD

Question 39

Dementia

Answer 39

Family of diseases involving serious impairment of behavioral and cognitive functioning

Question 40

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 40

A disease marked by gradual declines in memory, attention, and judgement; confusion as to time and place; difficulties in communicating; decline in self-care skills; inappropriate behavior; and personality changes

Question 41

Incontinence

Answer 41

Loss of bladder or bowel control

Question 42

Amyloid

Answer 42

Protien the is produced in abnormally high levels in Alzheimer’s patients

Question 43

Autosomal Dominant Inheritance

Answer 43

The presence of certain genes that means that is a 100% chance of the person eventually getting the disease

Question 44

Risk Genes

Answer 44

Genes that increase one’s risk of getting the disease

Question 45

Spaced Retrieval

Answer 45

Memory intervention based on the E-I-E-I-O approach to memory intervention