Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Demographers

A

People who study population trends

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2
Q

Population Pyramid

A

Graphic technique for illustrating population trends

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3
Q

Longevity

A

Number of years a person can expect to live

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4
Q

Average Life Expectancy

A

The age at which half of all the people born in a particular year will have died

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5
Q

Useful Life Expectancy

A

The number of years that a person is free from debilitating chronic disease and impairment

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6
Q

Maximum Life Expectancy

A

The oldest age to which any person lives

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7
Q

Programmed Theories

A

Theory that aging is biologically or genetically programmed

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8
Q

Wear-and-Tear Theory

A

Suggests that the body, much like any machine gradually deteriorates and wears out

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9
Q

Free Radicals

A

Chemicals produced randomly during normal cell metabolism and that bond easily to other substances inside cells

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10
Q

Cross Linking

A

Random interaction of some proteins with certain body tissues, such as muscle and arteries

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11
Q

Cellular Theories

A

Explanation of aging that focuses on processes that occur within individual cells that may lead to the buildup of harmful substances or the deterioration of cells over a lifetime

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12
Q

Telomeres

A

Tips of the chromosomes that shorten and break with increasing age

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13
Q

Neurofibrillary Tangles

A

Spiral shaped masses formed when fibers that compose the axon become twisted together

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14
Q

Neuritic Plastic

A

Structural change in the brain produced when damaged and dying neurons collect around a core of a protein

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals released by neurons in order for them to communicate with each other

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16
Q

Stroke; Cerebral Vascular Accident

A

An interrupting of the blood flow in the brain due to blockage or a hemorrhage in a cerebral artery

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17
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A

An interrupting of blood flow to the brain; often an early warning sign of stroke

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18
Q

Vascular Dementia

A

Disease caused by numerous small cerebral vascular accident

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19
Q

Chronic Obtrusive Pulmonary Disease

A

The most common form of incapacitating respiratory disease among older adults

20
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Brain disease known primarily for the characteristic motor symptoms: very slow walking, difficulty getting into and out of chairs, and a slow hand tremor

21
Q

Presbyopia

A

Difficulty seeing close objects clearly

22
Q

Presbycusis

A

Reduced sensitivity to high pitched tones

23
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Sleep-wake cycle

24
Q

Psychomotor Speed

A

The speed with which a person can make a specific response

25
Useful Field of View
An area from which one can extract visual information in a single glance without turning one's head or moving one's eyes
26
Working Memory
The process and structure involved in holding information in mind and simultaneously using it for other functions
27
Explicit Memory
The deliberate and conscious remembering of information that is learned and remembered at a specific time
28
Implicit Memory
The unconscious remembering of information learned at some earlier point
29
Episodic Memory
The general class of memory having to do with the conscious recollection of information from a specific time of event
30
Semantic Memory
The general class of memory having to do with the conscious recollection of information from a specific time or event
31
Autobiographical Memory
Memory for events that occur during one's life
32
External Aids
Memory aids that rely on environmental resources, such as notebooks or calenders
33
Internal Aids
Memory that rely on mental process, such as imagery
34
Dysphoria
Feeling sad or down
35
Medications for severe depression
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs), Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
36
Behavior Therapy
Type of therapy based on the notion that depressed people experience too few rewards from their environment
37
Cognitive Therapy
Type of therapy based on the idea that maladaptive beliefs or cognition about oneself are responsible for depression
38
Anxiety Disorders
Problems such as feelings of severe anxiety, phobias, and OCD
39
Dementia
Family of diseases involving serious impairment of behavioral and cognitive functioning
40
Alzheimer's Disease
A disease marked by gradual declines in memory, attention, and judgement; confusion as to time and place; difficulties in communicating; decline in self-care skills; inappropriate behavior; and personality changes
41
Incontinence
Loss of bladder or bowel control
42
Amyloid
Protien the is produced in abnormally high levels in Alzheimer's patients
43
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
The presence of certain genes that means that is a 100% chance of the person eventually getting the disease
44
Risk Genes
Genes that increase one's risk of getting the disease
45
Spaced Retrieval
Memory intervention based on the E-I-E-I-O approach to memory intervention