Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Malnourished

A

Being small for one’s age due to inadequate nutrition

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2
Q

Neuron

A

Basic cellular unit of the brain and nervous system that specializes in receiving and transmitting info

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3
Q

Cell Body

A

Center of the neuron that keeps the neuron alive

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4
Q

Dendrite

A

End of the neuron that receives info

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5
Q

Axon

A

Tube like structure that emerges from the cell body and transmits info to other neurons

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6
Q

Terminal Buttons

A

Small knobs at the end of the axon that release neurotransmitters

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7
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemicals released by the terminal buttons that allow neurons to communicate with each other

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8
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Wrinkled surface of the brain that regulates many that are distinctly human

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9
Q

Hemispheres

A

Right and left halves of the cortex

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10
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Thick bundle of neurons that connect the two hemispheres together

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11
Q

Frontal Cortex

A

Brain region that regulates personality and goal directed behavior

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12
Q

Neural Plate

A

Flat group of cells present in prenatal development that becomes the brain and the spinal cord

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13
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty sheath that wraps around neurons and enables them to transmit info more rapidly

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14
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

Gradual reduction in the number of synapses in the infancy and the continuing until early adolescence

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15
Q

Electroencephalograph

A

The study of brain waves recorded from electrodes that are placed on the scalp

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16
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

Method of studying brain activity by using magnetic fields to track blood flow in the brain

17
Q

Experience-Expectant Growth

A

Process by which the wiring of the brain is organized by experiences that are common to most humans

18
Q

Experience-Dependent Growth

A

Process by which and individual’s unique experiences over a lifetime affect brain structures and organization

19
Q

Motor Skills

A

Coordinated movements of the muscles and limbs

20
Q

Locomote

A

Ability to move around in the world

21
Q

Fine Motor Skills

A

Motor skills associated with grasping, holding, and manipulating objects

22
Q

Toddling

A

Early unsteady form of walking done by infants

23
Q

Toddlers

A

Young children who have just learned to walk

24
Q

Dynamic Systems Theory

A

Theory that views motor development as involving many distinct skills that are organized over time to meet specific skills

25
Differentiation
Distinguishing and mastering individual motions
26
Integration
Linking individual motions into a coherent coodinated whole
27
Perception
Process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation
28
Visual Acuity
Smallest pattern that one can distinguish reliably
29
Cones
Specialized neurons in the back of the eye that sense color
30
Visual Cliff
Glass covered platform that appears to have a "shallow" and a "deep" side; used to study infants depth perception
31
Kinetic Cues
Cues to depth perception in which motion is used to estimate depth
32
Visual Expansion
Kinetic cue to depth perception that is based on the fact that an object that an object fills an ever-greater proportion of the retina as it moves closer
33
Motion Parallax
Kinetic cue to depth perception based on the fact that nearby moving objects move across our visual field faster than distant objects do
34
Retinal Disparity
Way of inferring depth based on differences in the retinal images in the left and right eyes
35
Pictorial Cues
Cues to depth perception that are used to convey depth in drawings and paintings
36
Linear Perspective
A cue to depth perception based on the fact that the texture of the objects to coarse and distinct for nearby to finer and less distinct for distant object
37
Theory of Mind
Ideas about connection between thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and behaviors that create and intuitive understanding of the link between mind and behavior