Chapter 3

Question 1

Malnourished

Answer 1

Being small for one’s age due to inadequate nutrition

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

Basic cellular unit of the brain and nervous system that specializes in receiving and transmitting info

Question 3

Cell Body

Answer 3

Center of the neuron that keeps the neuron alive

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

End of the neuron that receives info

Question 5

Axon

Answer 5

Tube like structure that emerges from the cell body and transmits info to other neurons

Question 6

Terminal Buttons

Answer 6

Small knobs at the end of the axon that release neurotransmitters

Question 7

Neurotransmitters

Answer 7

chemicals released by the terminal buttons that allow neurons to communicate with each other

Question 8

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 8

Wrinkled surface of the brain that regulates many that are distinctly human

Question 9

Hemispheres

Answer 9

Right and left halves of the cortex

Question 10

Corpus Callosum

Answer 10

Thick bundle of neurons that connect the two hemispheres together

Question 11

Frontal Cortex

Answer 11

Brain region that regulates personality and goal directed behavior

Question 12

Neural Plate

Answer 12

Flat group of cells present in prenatal development that becomes the brain and the spinal cord

Question 13

Myelin

Answer 13

Fatty sheath that wraps around neurons and enables them to transmit info more rapidly

Question 14

Synaptic Pruning

Answer 14

Gradual reduction in the number of synapses in the infancy and the continuing until early adolescence

Question 15

Electroencephalograph

Answer 15

The study of brain waves recorded from electrodes that are placed on the scalp

Question 16

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Answer 16

Method of studying brain activity by using magnetic fields to track blood flow in the brain

Question 17

Experience-Expectant Growth

Answer 17

Process by which the wiring of the brain is organized by experiences that are common to most humans

Question 18

Experience-Dependent Growth

Answer 18

Process by which and individual’s unique experiences over a lifetime affect brain structures and organization

Question 19

Motor Skills

Answer 19

Coordinated movements of the muscles and limbs

Question 20

Locomote

Answer 20

Ability to move around in the world

Question 21

Fine Motor Skills

Answer 21

Motor skills associated with grasping, holding, and manipulating objects

Question 22

Toddling

Answer 22

Early unsteady form of walking done by infants

Question 23

Toddlers

Answer 23

Young children who have just learned to walk

Question 24

Dynamic Systems Theory

Answer 24

Theory that views motor development as involving many distinct skills that are organized over time to meet specific skills

Question 25

Differentiation

Answer 25

Distinguishing and mastering individual motions

Question 26

Integration

Answer 26

Linking individual motions into a coherent coodinated whole

Question 27

Perception

Answer 27

Process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation

Question 28

Visual Acuity

Answer 28

Smallest pattern that one can distinguish reliably

Question 29

Cones

Answer 29

Specialized neurons in the back of the eye that sense color

Question 30

Visual Cliff

Answer 30

Glass covered platform that appears to have a “shallow” and a “deep” side; used to study infants depth perception

Question 31

Kinetic Cues

Answer 31

Cues to depth perception in which motion is used to estimate depth

Question 32

Visual Expansion

Answer 32

Kinetic cue to depth perception that is based on the fact that an object that an object fills an ever-greater proportion of the retina as it moves closer

Question 33

Motion Parallax

Answer 33

Kinetic cue to depth perception based on the fact that nearby moving objects move across our visual field faster than distant objects do

Question 34

Retinal Disparity

Answer 34

Way of inferring depth based on differences in the retinal images in the left and right eyes

Question 35

Pictorial Cues

Answer 35

Cues to depth perception that are used to convey depth in drawings and paintings

Question 36

Linear Perspective

Answer 36

A cue to depth perception based on the fact that the texture of the objects to coarse and distinct for nearby to finer and less distinct for distant object

Question 37

Theory of Mind

Answer 37

Ideas about connection between thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and behaviors that create and intuitive understanding of the link between mind and behavior