Chapter 5: US in Asia Flashcards

Japan, China, Defensive perimeter, NSC-68

1
Q

Who was Emperor Hirohito and what did he do?

A
  • Head of Japan –> 1930s expansion into post war
  • Symbol of peace and political + economic recovery
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2
Q

Who was General Douglas MacArthur and what did he do?

A
  • Supreme Commander of US forces from 1942
  • Governor of Japan in occupation
  • Political, economic + military reforms to make Japan an ally
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3
Q

Who was Joseph Morell Dodge?

A
  • Economic adviser for US policy in Japan and Germany
  • Brought Japanese inflation under control and other economic policies
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4
Q
  • What happened in Japan 1945-7?
  • What do the US focus on in these years?
A
  • 1945 - surrender after atomic bombs
  • US occupation - reeducation, democratisation, economic reform, demilitarisation
  • focuses on punishment
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5
Q

How does policy towards Japan change after 1947?

A
  • Reverse course - less punishment, more reconstruction for stability (economic + political)
  • Were focused on communist sympathisers instead of war criminals
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6
Q
  • Why does policy towards Japan change?
A
  • They wanted to keep allied with Japan against communism –> especially in the East - to have an ally and trade
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7
Q
  • What does this new policy to Japan include?
A
  • Increased regulation of trade, foreign exchange, lending, wages, taxes, prices
  • Super balanced budget –> all money in + out closely regulated –> to reduce borrowing and create an economic cushion
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8
Q

What immediate impact did these policies have?

A
  • Initially increased unemployment due to closing businesses
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9
Q

What agreement did Japan join and what did this mean?

A
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
  • Strengthened access to western trade
  • Banned trade with communist China
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10
Q

What happened to China in 1949 and what was the consequences of this?

A
  • Become Communist Oct 1949
  • Sino - Soviet treaty of friendship - 1950
  • Needed to stay strong against this in Asia
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11
Q

What did new Japanese PM realise he could benefit from?

A
  • Could get a new peace treaty with USA
  • Could restore Japan and give it security
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12
Q

What peace treaty was made for Japan and what did it state?

A
  • San Francisco Peace Treaty (1951)
  • Get full sovereignty but have to renounce territories
  • US get military bases, control of Okinawa, can control Japan base placement, have a military outpost
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13
Q

Describe Japanese rearmament

A
  • 1951-4 –> military limited by US
  • After –> helped to rearm to protect against communist threat
  • National Police Reserve (NPR) inc by 75000
  • 110,000 ground troops, 7600 navy –> new
  • Nov 1952 –> announce plans for air force
  • Supported by $240 million from US
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14
Q

Who was Jiang Jieshi?

A
  • Chinese nationalist leader
  • Defeated in civil war and exiled to Taiwan
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15
Q

Who was Mao Zedong?

A
  • Chinese communist leader
  • Won civil war
  • Marxist / Leninist
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16
Q

Who was Dean G. Acheson?

A
  • Architect for Marshall plan
  • US secretary of State (1949-53)
  • Committed to containment
  • Saw Asia as a key element to containing communism
17
Q

Defensive Perimeter Strategy
- When was it?
- What did it do?

A
  • January 1950
  • Based US troops along a perimeter down the Pacific
  • Response to Sino-Soviet pact
  • South Korea and Taiwan not included –> problematic
18
Q

What was NSC-68

A
  • 1950
  • Signalled turn from diplomacy containment to roll back and the use of force against communism