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History - Cold War > Chapter 19: The Second Cold War > Flashcards

Chapter 19: The Second Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Afghanistan a problem?

A
  • April 1978 PDPA gained power
  • USSR feared losing influence - invade for control
  • Causes hostile relations with US - already had tensions about SALT1 ratification
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2
Q

What were soviet concerns about Afghanistan? (x5)

A
  • PDPA could align with a different country (China, Us etc)
  • Instability could spread along 2500km border
  • If Afghanistan left the soviet sphere, could spur other allies too
  • Leader was unreliable - couldn’t diffuse the Islamic opposition
  • Feared a loss of influence due to dissent in Warsaw countries
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3
Q

How did Brezhnev justify the invasion?

A
  • Brezhnev doctrine
  • Basic principles agreement
  • Preserving socialist regimes and protecting Afghanistan from vulnerability
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4
Q

When did the invasion happen?

A
  • 25th Dec 1979
  • signalled end of détente
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5
Q

What were US interests in the area?

A
  • Iranian Shah been toppled
  • Lose access to oil and trade routes in Persian gulf
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6
Q

What action do the US take in the area?

A
  • Support Mujahadeen in Pakistan
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7
Q

What trade sanctions did the US take against the USSR?

A
  • Embargo on grain sales to the USSR
  • Ban on sale of high tech weapons and arms
  • Restrictions on Soviet fishing in US waters
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8
Q

What impact was there on arms restrictions?

A
  • SALT 2 not ratified
  • Further negotiations postponed indefinitely
  • Carter Doctrine made
  • Inc defence budget 1981
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9
Q

What did the US do in Europe as a response?

A
  • Try to persuade NATO to suspend détente
  • Refuse but denounce soviet actions
  • Continue trade with USSR
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10
Q

What were cultural and sporting impacts?

A
  • Refuse cultural exchanges
  • Boycott the Moscow Olympics 1980
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11
Q

What actions did Reagan take as president?

A
  • Opposed summits and détente
  • Called USSR an evil empire
  • Inc defence budget to 30% of Federal budget 1985
  • 700 nuclear weapons deployed
  • SDI introduced 1983
  • Deployed intermediate range missiles in Western Europe
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12
Q

What were Thatcher’s views?

A
  • Strong anti-communist policies
  • Made the most of the special relationship
  • Thought the Cold War had gone on for too long
  • Didn’t believe in détente
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13
Q

What actions did Thatcher take?

A
  • Supported NATO and US military in Europe and North Africa for defence of GB
  • Supported deterrence not détente
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14
Q

What was Thatcher given by the US for her support?

A
  • Extradition of IRA terrorists living in the US
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15
Q

What was Thatcher critical of?

A
  • SDI
  • Was not interested in limitations
  • Continued Trident
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16
Q

What was the influence of Pope John Paul II?

A
  • Polish pope - influence in Poland - was a soviet threat
  • Visited Poland in 1979/83/87
  • Expressed views on international reconciliation, peace, opening borders, reuniting Europe
  • Spoke freely in a controlling state
17
Q

Why did solidarity start?

A
  • Polish economic crisis - 100% inflation, foreign debt
18
Q

When did solidarity start ad with who?

A
  • 1980
  • Lech Walesa
  • Covered in western media
19
Q

How did solidarity begin?

A
  • Jul + Aug 1980 - 300,000 workers strike over food prices rising 100%
20
Q

What was the reaction to the start of solidarity?

A
  • Govt officially recognised it in an attempt to ease unrest
  • USSR demanded that order be restored - feared dissent and its spread
  • Secretly agree not to intervene - fear resistance and western reaction
21
Q

How did solidarity grow?

A
  • Sep 1980 - 3.5 million
  • Jan 1981 - 9.4 million
22
Q

What was the response to the growth of solidarity?

A
  • Dec 1981 - USSR perform ‘training manoeuvres’ on the border
  • Jaruzelski puts in martial law
  • 10,000 members arrested including Walesa
  • Made illegal 1982
23
Q

What was the wider response to the end of solidarity?

A
  • US impose sanctions - deepens the economic crisis
  • Strikes stop, residual support, Walesa seen as a hero - Nobel prize 1983
  • Reforms 1983
24
Q

When was the KAL 007?

A
  • Sep 1983
25
Q

What was KAL 007?

A
  • South Korean civilian airliner shot down by USSR
  • 269 killed - 61 US
26
Q

What was the consequences of KAL007?

A
  • USSR accuse the US of spying
  • US accuse USSR of wilful destruction
  • Reagan denies Soviet planes form landing in US
  • USSR blame the CIA and never apologise
27
Q

What is gerontocracy?

A
  • Leadership by the elderly
  • Weak, ineffective leadership
28
Q

How did Brezhnev’s leadership end?

A
  • Ineffective diplomacy due to poor health and confusion
  • Died 2982
29
Q

When did Andropov lead?

A
  • Nov 1982 - Feb 1984
  • Died of kidney failure
30
Q

When did Chernenko lead?

A
  • Feb 1984
  • Led for 1 yr
  • Died of emphysema

History - Cold War (25 decks)

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