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History - Cold War > Chapter 20: Developments in Africa and the Americas > Flashcards

Chapter 20: Developments in Africa and the Americas Flashcards

1
Q

What was the situation in Angola?

A
  • Portugal had been fighting nationalists - gave them independence 1975
  • Coalition formed of factions - MPLA, FNLA, UNITA
  • Civil war began
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2
Q

What ideology were the MPLA?

A
  • Marxist
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3
Q

What aid did the MPLA gain before the war?

A
  • Arms from USSR
  • Chinese military advisors
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4
Q

What aid did the MPLA get during the war?

A
  • 36,000 troops from Cuba
  • Supplies and economic aid from USSR
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5
Q

What ideology was the FNLA?

A
  • Nationalist
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6
Q

What aid did the FNLA get before the war?

A
  • $300,000 in CIA covert funding
  • Chinese military advisors
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7
Q

What aid did the FNLA get in the war?

A
  • $25mil in supplies and $16mil in arms from the US
  • Aid from Zaire
  • South African support
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8
Q

How did the war end?

Angola

A
  • Oct 1975 - FNLA advance to the capital
  • Cuba protect capital
  • MPLA win 1976
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9
Q

What was Cuba’s position with Angola?

A
  • Strong relations
  • Promise military aid after the war
  • 1988 - 52,000 troops in Angola
  • 1000s of experts help infrastructure, healthcare and education
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10
Q

What was the USSR’s position with Angola?

A

-Supported Angola to prevent the spread of Chinese communism
- Wanted to expand their influence and support Marxism
- Aided those fighting for liberation - saw it as in line with détente

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11
Q

What was the US’s position with Angola?

A
  • Saw MPLA gain strength - moved to non-intervention policy
  • Would reduce costs, international criticism, especially due to South Africa- apartheid
  • Knew the MPLA had a minimal threat to their interests
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12
Q

What was China’s position with Angola?

A
  • Supported Angolan independence
  • Bad Soviet relations meant they didn’t want to support them
  • Supported both until 1975 as the FNLA was supported by South Africa
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13
Q

What was the situation in Ethiopia?

A
  • 1974 - Emperor overthrown and replaced by communist regime
  • 1977 - war with Somalia over Ogaden territory that had been given to Ethiopia after WW2 by Britain
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14
Q

What did Ethiopia do for help?

A
  • Appealed to USSR and Cuba
  • USSR withdrew support for Somalia
  • Cuba sent troops - 15,000 by Feb 1978
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15
Q

What was the result of the war?

Ethiopia

A
  • Somali troops retreated
  • Ceasefire March 1978
  • USA accuse the USSR of using Cuba to expand communism into Africa
  • US-Cuban relations damaged
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16
Q

What was the context of Chile?

A
  • 1970 - socialist Allende was elected president despite US attempts at a coup
  • New policy - land redistribution and nationalisation of industry
17
Q

How did the US respond in Chile?

A
  • Blocked the world bank from lending to Chile
  • Withdrew economic aid
18
Q

What was the result in Chile?

A
  • Inflation
  • Reduced industrial output
  • Unemployment
  • Strikes, riots - coup and Allende overthrown Sep 1973
  • Brutal dictatorship followed with genocide of Allende supporters
19
Q

What was the context of Grenada?

A
  • 1979 - New Jewel movement (leftist) banned political parties and accepted aid from USSR and Cuba
  • Oct 1983 - Coard gained power with a military coup
20
Q

How did the US respond in Grenada?

A
  • No evidence of Pro Soviet or Cuban regime
  • US sent 7000 troops to ‘protect medical students’
21
Q

What was the result in Grenada?

A
  • USSR leave Geneva arms talks - saw actions as Us imperialism
  • Thatcher angry they were not asked about an invasion of a former British colony
22
Q

What was the context of Nicaragua?

A
  • June 1979 - FSLN (Sandinistas) gained power
23
Q

How did the US respond in Nicaragua?

A
  • Carter recognised their govt, provided assistance to keep them western leaning
  • Reagan - Supported anti-communist Contras instead
  • Gave them funds, equipment, training
24
Q

What unethical US actions were taken?

A
  • To get around congress - CIA tried to persuade US allies to give funding (Israel, Taiwan etc)
  • Sold arms to Iran despite embargo to fund black market arms to Nicaragua
  • Mined Nicaraguan harbours
25
Q

What was the result in Nicaragua?

A
  • 1982 - Sandinistas impose censorship, restrictions on civil liberties, compulsory conscription

History - Cold War (25 decks)

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