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History - Cold War > Chapter 17: The USA and Southeast Asia > Flashcards

Chapter 17: The USA and Southeast Asia Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Paris Peace Talks start?

A
  • July 1972
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2
Q

What problems delayed an agreement?

A
  • Nixon would not act until after the elections
  • After re-election - bombed Hanoi + cities - to pressure NV
  • Thieu - hoped to keep some US military to deter NV
  • Thieu - side-lined and pressured to sign
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3
Q

When was the peace agreement signed?

A
  • January 1973
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4
Q

What were the terms of the agreement?

A
  • Ceasefire
  • Sides keep the areas they occupy at the time of the ceasefire
  • US withdrawal within 60 days
  • Exchange of prisoners of war
  • Commission for post war SV elections to be made
  • Free elections could include a referendum for reunification
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5
Q

How could the North expand their actions?

A
  • April 1973 - US withdrawn
  • North escalated guerrilla action
  • ARVN demoralised - even with US support mostly defeated
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6
Q

How did the US not support SV?

A
  • Watergate - attention diverted
  • Thieu asks for aid, Ford asks Congress - refused
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7
Q

How did SV fall?

A
  • From political pressure - Thieu forced to resign and flee 1974
  • 1975 - Saigon fell - unified socialist Vietnam made
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8
Q

How was Cambodia a problem?

A
  • 1970 - Lon Nol gained power - pro-US
  • Khmer Rouge - opposed
  • Civil war - US backed government forces, NV backed Khmer Rouge
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9
Q

What strengths did the Cambodian Army have?

A
  • US support - 119 military advisors, bombings 430,000 tonnes
  • Public support
  • 175,000
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10
Q

What were weaknesses of the Cambodian army?

A
  • Nol feared overthrow - didn’t let parts of the military collaborate
  • Didn’t listen to US advice
  • Bombings undermined support
  • Poorly trained and paid
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11
Q

What strengths did the Khmer Rouge have?

A
  • Supported by NV
  • Determined and organised
  • Used guerrilla tactics
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12
Q

What were weaknesses of the Khmer Rouge?

A
  • Only 40,000
  • Minimal urban presence
  • Limited technology
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13
Q

How did the Paris Peace agreement impact the Cambodian civil war?

A
  • US stopped bombings
  • NV withdrew
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14
Q

How did the Khmer Rouge react?

A
  • Escalated their efforts
  • Started a battle over Phnom Penh
  • Used pincer strategy to isolate the city
  • Government forces dug trenches
  • US evacuated
  • Khmer Rouge defeated government forces
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15
Q

What was the Khmer Rouge revolution?

A
  • Ruthless ideological cleansing - wanted to create a new agricultural society
  • Cities emptied - workers sent to countryside to be farmers
  • 1 mil killed in the revolution - over 10% population
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16
Q

How did the Khmer Rouge end?

A
  • Had border disputes with Vietnam
  • Vietnam invaded 1978
  • Vietnam and Soviet aid captured Phnom Penh
  • Pro Vietnam Samrin put in - Khmer Rouge fled
17
Q

What were US societal costs of the Vietnam War?

A
  • 58,000 soldiers lost
  • 2.7 million served - over 9% population
  • Veterans found reintegration hard - ostracised by anti wars, PTSD, disabilities
  • 100,000 draft dodgers fled - clemency board gave amnesty - many disagreed
18
Q

What were US political costs to the Vietnam War?

A
  • $167 billion spent
  • Johnson didn’t run for re-election
  • Clear division between Hawks and Doves - continued
  • War Powers Act passed - only congress can declare war - not president
19
Q

How was containment impacted by the Vietnam War?

A
  • Lost SV and Cambodia
  • Domino theory correct - Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
  • SEATO disbanded 1976
  • US lost prestige internationally
20
Q

What were casualties of the war for Vietnam?

A
  • 1.1 million NLF killed
  • 100,000 - 330,000 SV killed
  • Civilian casualties 1.3 - 9 million
  • 1.5 million fled as refugees
21
Q

What were political impacts of the war on Vietnam?

A
  • USA barred them from the UN
  • US put in trade embargo - crippled the economy
  • Communist economic structure and collectivised agriculture put in south
22
Q

How was infrastructure in Vietnam impacted by the war?

A
  • US military tactics of chemical warfare and bombings, destroyed infrastructure and 6 million acres of land poisoned

History - Cold War (25 decks)

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