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Anatomy BIO-271 > Chapter 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

The technical term for “skin” is ______ membrane?

A

cutaneous membrane

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2
Q

Functions of Skin

A
  1. Protects
    1. ​protects underlying tissues and organs from both physical forces and biological pathogens. Also from water loss to the environment.
  2. Excretes
    1. ​excreates salts, water, and organic wastes (via glands)
  3. Maintains
    1. ​body temperatures via insulation and evaporation
  4. Synthesizes
    1. ​vitamin D3
  5. Stores
    1. ​lipids
  6. Detects
    1. ​touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
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3
Q

The two parts of the cutaneous membrane are…?

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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4
Q

Epidermis location and composition

A

Outermost (most superficial layer of the cutaneous membrane) and is composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue—> many layers

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5
Q

Dermis location and structure

A

Just underneath the epidermis (deep to the epidermis) and is composed of areolar, and dense irregular conective tissue

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6
Q

Describe the hypodermis and is it apart of the cutaneous membrane?

A

Consist of loose connective tissues adipose and areolar and it is not apart of the cutaneous membrane.

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7
Q

What are accessory structures?

A
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Glands
  • Sensory structures
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8
Q

Which accessory structures originate in the dermis BUT extend through the epidermis to skin surface?

A

Hair, Glands, Nails

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9
Q

The epidermis can be ____ or ____ layers thick? These layers are called what?

A

4, 5. Layers are called Strata!!!!!

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10
Q

What is the main cell type of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocyte

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11
Q

What do Keratinocytes produce?

A

A protein called keratin

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12
Q

What two layers does the dermis contain in order from superficial to deep.

A

Papillary layer(superficial)

Reticular Layer(Deep)

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13
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis in order from superifical to deep?

A
  1. Stratum Corneum
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Straum spinosum
  5. Stratum Basale
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14
Q

What three types of cells occupy the stratum basale?

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Tactile Cells

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15
Q

What layer is only present in “thick” skin?

A

Stratum lucidium

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16
Q

What is the process that cells undergo in the stratum granulosum?

A

Keratinization

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17
Q

The stratum corneum has living or dead keratinocytes?

A

Dead.

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18
Q

The epidermal dendritic cells are found in which layer?

A

Stratum Sponosum

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19
Q

What process occurs in the stratum granulosum?

A

Keratinization

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20
Q

What protein is found in the stratum lucidum?

A

eleidin

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21
Q

The dead cells in the stratum corneum lack a nucleus which is known by what term?

A

Anucleate

22
Q

Melanin is made by what cell type and where is that cell type located?

A

Melanocytes; stratum basale

23
Q

What is the primary protective role of melanin?

A

Protects nuclei of kertainocytes from UV radiation

24
Q

Do darker skinned individuals have more melanocytes than lighter skinned individuals?

A

No. Amount of melanin produced varies, not quantity of melanocytes.

25
Q

2 main types of melanin are…

A

Eumelanin (black or brown); pheomelanin (reddish)

26
Q

What color is carotene and what is it typically found in?

A

Yellow/orange pigment found in some red, yellow, orange veggies. (My mom used to tell me carrots would give me laser vision like superman… I never got that but she did manage to make me eat the heck out of some carrots)

27
Q

What are some influencers of skin color aside from melanin and carotene?

A
  • Blood supply
  • Oxygen level of blood
  • other blood pigments
  • lack of melanin
  • bruising
28
Q

What is a lack of melnin known as?

A

Albinism

29
Q

Identify 1 and 2

A
  1. Epidermal ridge
  2. Dermal papilla
30
Q

layers one and two are apart of what layer of the cutaneous membrane?

A

Dermis

31
Q

What are the names of boxes 1 and 2 and what tissue type composes them?

A
  1. Papillary layer (areolar tissue)
  2. Reticular layer (dense irregular tissue)
32
Q

The hypodermis (subcutaneous) is composed of what type of tissues?

A

Areolar and Adipose loose connective tissues

33
Q

What are the 4 primary types of glands found in the integumentary system?

A
  1. Sebaceous (oil producing)
  2. Sudoriferous (sweat producing)
  3. Ceruminous (ear wax glands
  4. Mammary (milk-producing)
34
Q

The waxy, oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands is known as?

A

Sebum

35
Q

What gland is identified with the blue box?

A

Sebaceous Gland

36
Q

Apocrine and Merocrine differ in the association with what structure?

A

Hair follicles

37
Q

Which one, merocrine or apocrine, is associated with a hair follicle?

A

Apocrine

38
Q

Box one is pointing to what type of sweat gland?

A

Merocrine sweat gland

39
Q

People seem to forget that there is a thing called deodorant that is designed to mask the smell of underarms. That smell is a product of __1___ produced by ___2__ sweat gland secretions that is fed on by bacteria.

A
  1. protein
  2. apocrine
40
Q

What are the three primary regions of hair?

A
  1. Bulb : enlarged bottom
  2. Root: from bulb to skin surface
  3. Shaft: EXPOSTED part beyond skin surface
41
Q

Identify structures 1-6 in order.

A
  1. Arrector pili muscle
  2. Shaft
  3. Hair follicle
  4. Matrix
  5. Root
  6. Hair bulb
42
Q

Hair color is largely based on the amount and type of ___1____ pigment as well as ____2__ of each hair.

A
  1. Melanin
  2. Shape
43
Q

Nails are modified stratum ______

A

corneum

44
Q

Identify structures 1-4 in order

A
  1. Nail root
  2. Lunula
  3. Nail body
  4. Matrix
45
Q

What is the growing part of nail and what part is it located in?

A

Matrix; Nail root

46
Q

What is the VISIBLE portion of the nail called?

A

Nail Body

47
Q

Lunula is described as?

A

Pale crescent at the base of the nail

48
Q

What do lamellated corpuscles detect?

A

Senses of vibration

49
Q

What do free nerve endings detect?

A

Sense of pain and temperature

50
Q

What do tactile corpuscles detect?

A

Sense of touch and pressure

Anatomy BIO-271 (22 decks)

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