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Anatomy BIO-271 > Chapter 25: Respiratory system > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Respiratory system Flashcards

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1
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A
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1
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system.

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2
Q

The upper respiratory system includes…

A
  • Nose
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Sinuses
  • Oral Cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
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3
Q

The lower respiratory system includes

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchial Tree
  • Alveoli
  • Lungs
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4
Q

1 & 2 in this picture represent what two sinuses?

A
  1. Sphenodial Sinus
  2. Frontal
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5
Q

1 & 2 are the _____ and ______ which form the two most bottome regions of the upper respiratory tract

A
  1. Pharynx
  2. Larynx
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6
Q

Number 1 is a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity. It protects and cushions the lungs. It is known as ______.

Number 2 is the major/primary muscle involved in breathing which when contracting, flatters and allows the chest caivty to enlarge to accomodate the air brought in by the lungs. It is known as _____.

A
  1. Pleura
  2. Diaphragm
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7
Q

The function of the nasopharynx is to…

A

Conduct air

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8
Q

The primary function(s) for the oropharynx are….

A

Conducts air and serves as passageway for food and drink.

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9
Q

Numbers 1-6 are…

A
  1. Nasal Cavity
  2. Internal Nares
  3. Soft Palate
  4. Nasal Conchae
  5. External Nares
  6. Oral Cavity
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10
Q

Number 1 in this picture is known as the….

A

Hard palate

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11
Q

Identify 1-4 sinuses

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmodial
  3. Sphenoidal
  4. Maxillary
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12
Q

The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and Vomer comprise which nasal structure?

A

Nasal Septum

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13
Q

Number 6 on this photo is known as…

A

Maxillary sinus

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14
Q

1,2,3 are known as…

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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15
Q

the primary function of the epiglottis is…

A

The epiglottis is a small, movable “lid” just above the larynx that prevents food and drink from entering your windpipe.

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16
Q

identify 1-4

A
  1. epiglottis
  2. thyroid cartilage
  3. circoid cartilage
  4. trachea
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17
Q

Label 1-3 in this photo

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Thyroid cartilage
  3. Cricoid cartilage
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18
Q

identify 1-3 in this photo

A
  1. Vestibular ligament
  2. vocal ligament
  3. Arytenoid cartilage
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19
Q

Also known as the “voice box”, the blue starred structure in this photo is….

A

The larynx

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20
Q

the green arrow indicates which structure?

A

glottis

21
Q

1 and 2 represent…

A
  1. vocal fold
  2. vestibular fold
22
Q

the green arrow represents which OPENING. (think carefully)

A

rima glottis

23
Q

rime glottis + vocal folds = ________

A

glottis

24
Q

Identify 1-4 in this photo

A
  1. Main bronchus
  2. Segmental Bronchus
  3. Trachea
  4. Lobar Bronchus
25
Q

1 and 2 are…

A
  1. Bronchioles
  2. Alveoli
26
Q

The primary function of alveoli is…

A

where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.

27
Q

Individuals with asthma suffering an asthma attack have an increased in muscle contraction of the airway, known as bronchoconstriction, and additionally have an inflammed sub_1____ and extra __2_____ secretion.

A
  1. submucosa
  2. Mucus secretion
28
Q

The right lung has ____ lobes? The are…

A

3; Superior, Middle, Inferior

29
Q

Is this a right or left lung? Correctly label 1,2,3

A

Right

  1. Superior Lobe
  2. Middle Lobe
  3. Inferior Lobe
30
Q

structure 1 in this photo is known as..

A

Cardiac notch

31
Q

What is the primary function of the Hilum?

A

It is the space where vessels and nerves pass from your bronchus to your lungs. The hilum keeps your lungs anchored in place.

32
Q

The structure 1 in this photo is…

A

Hilum

33
Q

1 is the ____ pleura and 2 is the _____ pleura

A
  1. Visceral
  2. Parietal
34
Q

1 is the ______

2 is the ______

A
  1. Visceral Pleura
  2. Parietal Pleura
35
Q

Pleuritis is essentially when…

A

is a condition in which the pleura become inflamed

36
Q

Atelectasis is a…

A

collapsed lung

37
Q

Adhesive atelectasis is characterized by…

A

Loss of contact between the parietal and visceral pleura.

38
Q

A pneumothorax is when…

A

There is air in the pleural space, which can lead to an adhesive atelectasis.

39
Q

What is respiration generally defined as?

A

Exchage of gases between atmosphere and body cells.

40
Q

Pulmonary ventilation is…

A

getting air into/out of lungs

41
Q

Boyle’s law states that…

A

the pressure of gas is inversely proportional to volume of container.

42
Q

How does Boyle’s law play an important role in ventilation?

A

When muscles such as the diaphragm compress the lungs, this in turn decreases the size of the “container” and as a result, in order to try to maintain equilibrium, the body exhales gases.

43
Q

What does the term compliance refer to in the context of lungs?

A

Compliance is referring to the elasticisty of the lungs which must be in good health for the mechanism of expand-contract, to work well.

44
Q

What muscles are used in normal inhalation? Primary and secondary

A

Diaphragm and External intercostal muscles(primary)

Scalene muscles, Pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid (secondary)

45
Q

What muscles are used during FORCED exhalation?

A

Rectus abdominus, internal intercostals, transversus thoracis

46
Q

The term emphysema is referring to…

A

Damage to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli.

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A
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Anatomy BIO-271 (22 decks)

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