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Anatomy BIO-271 > Chapter 21: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

List the major functions of Blood.

A
  1. Transport
  2. Maintenance of body temp
  3. Acid/Base Regulation
  4. Defense (ex. immune system)
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2
Q

Blood is a connective ______?

A

Tissue; remember that blood is considered a tissue 🧐

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3
Q

What percentage of the blood is plasma?

A

55%

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4
Q

What percentage of blood is RBC’s (Erythrocytes)?

A

44%

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5
Q

What percentage of blood is “buffy coat” (this is what contains leukocytes and platelets.

A

<1%

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6
Q

Are serum the same as plasma?

A

Serum is plasma WITHOUT the clotting proteins.

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7
Q

Plasma is mostly…

A

Water

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8
Q

Most of the proteins found in plasma are made in what major organ?

A

The Liver

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9
Q

Albumins perform what functions?

A

Major contributors to osmotic pressure of plasma transport lipids, steroid hormones.

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10
Q

Globulins perform what functions?

A

Transport ions, homones, lipids, immune function

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11
Q

Fibrinogen is an essential component of the ______ system.

A

Clotting.

Fibrinogen can be converted to fibrin (hello physiology)

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12
Q

What protein molecule is contained by RBC’s that allow for oxygen binding?

A

Hemoglobin

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13
Q

Below 90% oxygen saturation is known as…

A

Hypoxemia

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14
Q

The maturation of myeloid cell into mature red blood cells is called? (the making of new RBC’s)

A

Erythropoiesis

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15
Q

All red blood cells come from stem cells found in the ____ bone marrow.

A

Red

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16
Q

What is the hormone produced by the kideny that stimulates erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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17
Q

Red blood cells ceom from the daughter cell known as…

A

Myeloid stem cells

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18
Q

Low red blood cell count is known as…

A

Anemia

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19
Q

High Red Blood Cell Count is called

A

Polycythemia

20
Q

A swollen/enlarged (almost balloon like) red blood cell is a sign of?

A

Over-hydration

21
Q

Shurken/Shriveled appearance of RBC’s is indicative of…

A

Dehydration

22
Q

If someone has antigen A erythrocytes they will have what type of antibodies?

A

Anti-B Antibodies

23
Q

If someone has antigen B on their red blood cells, what would their corresponding antibodes be?

A

Anti-A antibodies

24
Q

If someone has NO blood antibodies in their blood stream they have what type of erythrocytes? (what blood type)

A

Antigens A and B. (Blood type AB)

25
Q

What blood type has no surface antigens on thier Erythrocytes?

A

Type O

26
Q

When blood types that “don’t match”?

A

Agglutination

27
Q

If somoene has no antigen D on their red blood cells they are considered Rh…

A

Negative

28
Q

Rh negative don’t have the ___ factor and/or initially the anti-D _______?

A

Rh Factor; antibody. Rh negative people start with no antigens and antibodies but an Rh negative individual has no antibodies until exposed to an antigen D cell.

29
Q

What is the complication called in which an Rh - mom has 2 Rh+ babies?

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

30
Q

Leukocytes are described as…

A

Spherical, nucleated cells

31
Q

Granulocytes make up _____ percent of white blood cells

A

65%

32
Q

Agranulocytes compose ______ of all WBC’s

A

20-25%

33
Q

What are the three Granulocytes?

A

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil

34
Q

Agranulocytes consist of…

A

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

35
Q

Leukocytes can be broken down into two catagories known as…

A

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

36
Q

Is this a granulocyte or agranulocyte? What is the specific name of this cell?

A

Granulocyte; Neutrophil

37
Q

Is this a granulocyte or agranulocyte? What is the specific name of this cell?

A

Granulocytes; Eosinophil

38
Q

Is this a granulocyte or agranulocyte? What is the specific name of this cell?

A

Agranulocyte; Lymphocyte

39
Q

Is this a granulocyte or agranulocyte? What is the specific name of this cell?

A

Granulocyte; Basophil

40
Q

Is this a granulocyte or agranulocyte? What is the specific name of this cell?

A

Agranulocyte; Monocyte

41
Q

Regulatory proteins make up less than ___% of plasma proteins and include…

A

1%

Enzymes, proenzymes, hormones

42
Q

Describe electrolytes

A

Normal extracellular fluid ion composition essential for vital cellular activites. Ions contribute to osmotic pressure of body fluids.

43
Q

Describe the purpose of organic nutrients in blood

A

Used for ATP production, growth, and maintenance of cells; include lipids (fatty acids, cholesterol, glycerides), carbohydrates (primarily glucose) and amino acids.

44
Q

What are organic waste in blood?

A

These include compounds such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, ammonium ions and are carried to sites of breakdown or excretion.

45
Q
A

Anatomy BIO-271 (22 decks)

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