Chapter 5 - Health And Disease - Plant Defences

Question 1

Name 6 types of plant defence:

Answer 1

~ insect repellents 
~ insecticides
~ antibacterial compounds
~ antifungal compounds
~ anti-oomycetes 
~ general toxins

Question 2

Name some plants that produce insect repellents?

Answer 2

~ geraniums
~ marigolds
~ lavender

Question 3

Name a plant that produces insecticides?

Answer 3

~ chrysanthemum

Question 4

Name some plants that produce antibacterial compounds?

Answer 4

~ mint

~ witch hazel

Question 5

Name some plants that produce antifungal compounds?

Answer 5

~ thyme
~ mint
~ geranium

Question 6

Name some plants that produce general toxins?

Answer 6

~ conifers

~ poison ivy

Question 7

What do lupin plants produce?

Answer 7

Poisonous chemicals called alkaloids (the poisons follow a circadian rhythm)

Question 8

What is a circadian rhythm?

Answer 8

When the production starts in morning and stops at night

Question 9

How do potatoes fight pathogens?

Answer 9

They respond by producing a chemical that kills the pathogen

Question 10

What is found in foxgloves, what does it do, and how is this useful?

Answer 10

Digoxin is a chemical found in foxgloves, which can kill because it affects how the heart beats. This however, also means it can treat heart disease.

Question 11

What is produced by chichona trees, and how is this useful?

Answer 11

Quinine, which can be used to treat malaria

Question 12

What is produced by willow trees, and how is this useful?

Answer 12

Aspirin, which can treat symptoms of disease, such as pain or fever

Question 13

Name some physical barriers (plant defences)

Answer 13

~ bark and thick waxy cuticles (outer covering of leaf)
~ spikes and thorns
~ cellulose cell walls

Question 14

How does bark and thick waxy cuticles help as a plant defence?

Answer 14

Difficult for pests to get through

Question 15

How do spikes and thorns help as a plant defence?

Answer 15

To stop pests eating them

Question 16

How do cellulose cell walls help as a plant defence?

Answer 16

Difficult for pathogens to break down (unless they produce suitable enzyme)

Question 17

Name some chemical plant defences and what they do:

Answer 17

~ poisons in cells to deter pests

~ chemicals that kill pathogens (such as bacteria and fungi)