Chapter 4 - Evolution - Kingdom And Domain Flashcards
What is a domain?
The type of cell it is made of (eg. eukaryota, prokaryota, archaea)
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Fungi, animalia, plantae, bacteria (prokaryotes), protists
What’s the difference between plant and fungi?
~ plant cell walls are made of cellulose (a sugar), whereas fungi cell walls are made of chitin (a protein)
~ plant cells photosynthesise, but fungi don’t
What are protists?
The category for organisms that don’t fit into any of the others
Who and when suggested the 3 domain classification system based on fundamental differences in their DNA?
Carl Woese, 1990
What is a prokaryota (bacteria)?
~ cells without a nucleus
~ no unused sections in genes
What is archaea?
~ cells without a nucleus
~ genes contain unused sections of DNA
What is eukaryota?
~ cells with a nucleus
~ unused sections of genes
Give some features of bacteria
~ unicellular/ single celled
~ prokaryotic (cells do not have a nucleus)
~ flexible cell walls
~ no membrane bound organelles eg. nucleus, mitochondria
Give some features of fungi
~ eukaryotic (has a nucleus)
~ multicellular - apart from yeast
~ live in/ on dead organic matter which they feed on to obtain energy
~ mycelium (roots) and hyphae (leaves)
Give some features of plantae
~ eukaryotic (have a nucleus)
~ multicellular (cells arranged into tissues and organs)
~ makes its own food - chloroplasts absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
~ cellulose cell walls
Give some features of animalia
~ eukaryotic (have a nucleus)
~ multicellular - cells arranged in tissues and organs
~ no cell walls
~ must eat other organisms to obtain energy
Give some features of protists
~ eukaryotic (has a nucleus)
~ mostly unicellular
~ some have cell walls
