Chapter 5 (Eng --> Persian) Flashcards
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پُر
April 3rd, the thirteenth day of spring. All Iranians must go outside or they believe bad luck will befall them. Then they throw their wheat sprouts in the running water.
سیزده به در
blossoms
شُکُفه
distance
فاصله
Nishabour (where Omar Khayyam was from)
نیشابور
picture, photograph
عکس
was taken (ex. a photograph)
گرفته شدن
after (ex. one week after Sizdabehzar = یگ هفته پس از سیزده به در)
پس از
before
پیش از
after
بعد از
before
قبل از
after
پس از
until
تا
over
از روی
in addition
علاوه براین
new
نُو
first
اولین
last
آخرین
interesting
جالب
Noruz (Iranian new year, March 21st)
نوروز
Farvardin (first month of the Iranian year)
فروردین
Haft-Sin (the Noruz table setting)
سُفره هفت سین
last Tuesday night of the year in the Iranian calendar
چهار شنبه سوری
table cloth
سُفره
celebration, festival
جَشن
fire
آتَش
game
بازی
fireworks
آتَش بازی
coin
سِکِه
sumac
سُماق
vinegar
سِرکه
clothes
لِباس
party
مِهمانی
spouse
هَمسَر
thing
چیز
rights, salary, law (the subject)
حقوق
art
هُنَر
painting
نَقاشی
countryside, nature
طبیعت
outside, abroad
خارج
inside
داخل
number
(عَدَد (اعداد
letter
(حرف (حروف
word
(وَاژِه (واژگان
word
(کَلَمِه (کلمات
word
(لغت (لغات
phrase
(عِبارت (عبارات
sentence
(جُملِه (جملات
paragraph
پاراگِراف
article, essay
(مَقالِه (مقالات
hour, o’clock, watch
(ساعت (ساعات
minute
(دقیقه (دقایق
second
ثانیه
quarter
رُبع
what?
چِه؟
who?
کِی؟
who? also “whose?” ex. این کتاب کی است؟ = whose book is this?
چِه کَسی؟
when?
کَی؟
which?
کُدام؟
why? *comes at beginning of sentence ex. why are you studying Persian? = چرا فارسی می خوانی؟
چِرا؟
how many?
چَند؟
how much?
چِقدَر؟
to begin (intransitive)
(-شُروع شُدَن (شو
to begin (transitive)
شُروع کردن
can also act as a gerund/masdar (e.g. “studying, to study”) e.g. من خواندن فارسی را پارسال شروع کردم I started studying/to study Persian last year.
infinitive: how can you use it?
about
در مورد
about
در بارهٔ
about
راجع به
each other e.g. همدگر را دوست دریم = we love each other
(همدگر (را
Jesus
عیسی
Messiah/Christ
مَسیح
Christmas
کِریسمَس
to celebrate
جشن کردن
- word order is same as narrative sentences - yes/no questions either just change tone or the question word is added to beginning of the sentence - when asking a wh- question, the question word replaces the omitted word you’re asking about - indirect questions = ex. I don’t know if he is here = نمی دانم او اینجاست یا نه ex. I don’t know what is name is = نمی دانم اسم او چیست
جمله پرسشی = Question words - give rules
whom? ex. چه کسی را دوست داری؟ = whom do you like?
چه کسی را؟
what (thing)? چه چیزی را دوست داری؟ = what do you like?
چه چیزی را؟
- express feelings and emotions start with چه (how/what) and end with exclamation mark ex. how interesting! = !چه جالب - if followed by a noun, noun appears in indefinite ex. what (great) weather! = !چه هوایی - or use the formula: چه + اسم + صفت + ی - you can also use چقدر + صفت \ قید ex. how beautiful you’ve become! = !چقدر خوشگل شدی
جمله تعجبی = exclamatory sentences - give rules
artist
هنرمند
actor
هنرپیشه
suffix for “profession”
پیشه-
to introduce
معرفی کردن
to keep, to hold
(-نِگَه داشتن (دار
diverse, various
متنوع
- cardinal is used before the noun - ordinal ending in م- goes AFTER the noun - ordinal ending in مین- goes BEFORE a noun, and is more emphatic irregular cardinal/ordinal: یگ ، اول ، اولین BUT NOTE that when doing 21, 31, 41, etc, the “1” becomes regular: بیست و یک ، بیست و یکُم ، بیست و یکمین
numbers: give the rules
to be born (lit. to come into the world)
(-بدنیا آمدن (آ
either … or
یا … یا
to pass away (lit. to leave the world)
(-از دنیا رفتن (رو
- it is … o’clock: ساعت …. است – no ezafe 2. adverbial expressions of time take ezafe: … ساعتِ in adverbial expressions of time ساعتِ is often omitted altogether 3. چه ساعتی (کلاس دارید) ؟ ساعت چند (کلاس دارید) ؟ 4. و نیم \ و سی دقیقه 5. و ربع \ و چهل و پنج دقیقه 6. یک ربع به 7. دقیقه به X
telling the time: give rules 1. regular 2. adverbial 3. asking “at what time…?” 4. half past 5. a quarter after 6. a quarter to 7. X minutes to…
to see, to meet
(-دیدن (بین
to meet
ملاقات کردن
to arrive
(-رسیدن (رس
how? ex. how’s the weather? = هوا چطور است؟
چطور
where?
کجا
to know (generally, info, etc)
(-دانستن (دان
to need X
به ـــ نیاز داستن
now (lit. “this time”)
این ترم
makes next thing into an adverb of manner ex. “(they study) in a group” = (بطور گروهی (درس می خوانند
بطور ـــ
to know (a skill, like driving or languages)
بلد بودن
to know (someone, i.e. connaître)
(-شناختن (شناس
revolution
انقلاب
airplane
هَواپَیما
to pass (over)
(-گذشتن (گذر
همهٔ مردم
everyone
spring
بَهار
summer
تابِستان
fall
پائیز \ پاییز
winter
زَمِستان
what for?
برای چه؟
heat, fever
تاب
time or place marker
ستان-
for + possessive suffix (me, you, him/her, etc)
برای + م\ت\ش
to set (a table); to pluck (a flower)
(-چیدن (چین
to jump
(-پریدن (پر
dangerous
خطرناک
chess
شطرنج
gold
طلا
olive oil
روغَن زیتون
to meet (someone)
با ـــــ آشنا شدن
to get divorced, separated
جدا شدن
(I, you, s/he, etc) is interested in –> shortening of هستم، هستی ، etc
علاقمند + م\ت\ش
childhood
بچگی
purse
کیف
key
کلید
to find
پیدا کردن
true
دُرُست
ominous, unlucky
بدیمنی
evil
بدی
difficult
سختی
to build, to make
(-ساختن (ساز
description
شرح
custom
سنت
tradition
(رسم (رسوم
to last, to take (time)
(-طول کشیدن (کش
last night
دیشب
to bring
(-آوردن (آور
money
پول
with me/you/him/etc (ex. to bring money with me)
با خودم\ت\ش
last year
پارسال
