درس پنجم Flashcards
پُر
full
سیزده به در
April 3rd, the thirteenth day of spring. All Iranians must go outside or they believe bad luck will befall them. Then they throw their wheat sprouts in the running water.
شُکُفه
blossoms
فاصله
distance
نیشابور
Nishabour (where Omar Khayyam was from)
عکس
picture, photograph
گرفته شدن
was taken (ex. a photograph)
پس از
after (ex. one week after Sizdabehzar = یگ هفته پس از سیزده به در)
پیش از
before
بعد از
after
قبل از
before
پس از
after
تا
until
از روی
over
علاوه براین
in addition
نُو
new
اولین
first
آخرین
last
جالب
interesting
نوروز
Noruz (Iranian new year, March 21st)
فروردین
Farvardin (first month of the Iranian year)
سُفره هفت سین
Haft-Sin (the Noruz table setting)
چهار شنبه سوری
last Tuesday night of the year in the Iranian calendar
سُفره
table cloth
جَشن
celebration, festival
آتَش
fire
بازی
game
آتَش بازی
fireworks
سِکِه
coin
سُماق
sumac
سِرکه
vinegar
لِباس
clothes
مِهمانی
party
هَمسَر
spouse
چیز
thing
حقوق
rights, salary, law (the subject)
هُنَر
art
نَقاشی
painting
طبیعت
countryside, nature
خارج
outside, abroad
داخل
inside
(عَدَد (اعداد
number
(حرف (حروف
letter
(وَاژِه (واژگان
word
(کَلَمِه (کلمات
word
(لغت (لغات
word
(عِبارت (عبارات
phrase
(جُملِه (جملات
sentence
پاراگِراف
paragraph
(مَقالِه (مقالات
article, essay
(ساعت (ساعات
hour, o’clock, watch
(دقیقه (دقایق
minute
ثانیه
second
رُبع
quarter
چِه؟
what?
کِی؟
who?
چِه کَسی؟
who? also “whose?” ex. این کتاب کی است؟ = whose book is this?
کَی؟
when?
کُدام؟
which?
چِرا؟
why? *comes at beginning of sentence ex. why are you studying Persian? = چرا فارسی می خوانی؟
چَند؟
how many?
چِقدَر؟
how much?
(-شُروع شُدَن (شو
to begin (intransitive)
شُروع کردن
to begin (transitive)
infinitive: how can you use it?
can also act as a gerund/masdar (e.g. “studying, to study”) e.g. من خواندن فارسی را پارسال شروع کردم I started studying/to study Persian last year.
در مورد
about
در بارهٔ
about
راجع به
about
(همدگر (را
each other e.g. همدگر را دوست دریم = we love each other
عیسی
Jesus
مَسیح
Messiah/Christ
کِریسمَس
Christmas
جشن کردن
to celebrate
جمله پرسشی = Question words - give rules
- word order is same as narrative sentences - yes/no questions either just change tone or the question word is added to beginning of the sentence - when asking a wh- question, the question word replaces the omitted word you’re asking about - indirect questions = ex. I don’t know if he is here = نمی دانم او اینجاست یا نه ex. I don’t know what is name is = نمی دانم اسم او چیست
چه کسی را؟
whom? ex. چه کسی را دوست داری؟ = whom do you like?
چه چیزی را؟
what (thing)? چه چیزی را دوست داری؟ = what do you like?
جمله تعجبی = exclamatory sentences - give rules
- express feelings and emotions start with چه (how/what) and end with exclamation mark ex. how interesting! = !چه جالب - if followed by a noun, noun appears in indefinite ex. what (great) weather! = !چه هوایی - or use the formula: چه + اسم + صفت + ی - you can also use چقدر + صفت \ قید ex. how beautiful you’ve become! = !چقدر خوشگل شدی
هنرمند
artist
هنرپیشه
actor
پیشه-
suffix for “profession”
معرفی کردن
to introduce
(-نِگَه داشتن (دار
to keep, to hold
متنوع
diverse, various
numbers: give the rules
- cardinal is used before the noun - ordinal ending in م- goes AFTER the noun - ordinal ending in مین- goes BEFORE a noun, and is more emphatic irregular cardinal/ordinal: یگ ، اول ، اولین BUT NOTE that when doing 21, 31, 41, etc, the “1” becomes regular: بیست و یک ، بیست و یکُم ، بیست و یکمین
(-بدنیا آمدن (آ
to be born (lit. to come into the world)
یا … یا
either … or
(-از دنیا رفتن (رو
to pass away (lit. to leave the world)
telling the time: give rules 1. regular 2. adverbial 3. asking “at what time…?” 4. half past 5. a quarter after 6. a quarter to 7. X minutes to…
- it is … o’clock: ساعت …. است – no ezafe 2. adverbial expressions of time take ezafe: … ساعتِ in adverbial expressions of time ساعتِ is often omitted altogether 3. چه ساعتی (کلاس دارید) ؟ ساعت چند (کلاس دارید) ؟ 4. و نیم \ و سی دقیقه 5. و ربع \ و چهل و پنج دقیقه 6. یک ربع به 7. دقیقه به X
(-دیدن (بین
to see, to meet
ملاقات کردن
to meet
(-رسیدن (رس
to arrive
چطور
how? ex. how’s the weather? = هوا چطور است؟
کجا
where?
(-دانستن (دان
to know (generally, info, etc)
به ـــ نیاز داستن
to need X
این ترم
now (lit. “this time”)
بطور ـــ
makes next thing into an adverb of manner ex. “(they study) in a group” = (بطور گروهی (درس می خوانند
بلد بودن
to know (a skill, like driving or languages)
(-شناختن (شناس
to know (someone, i.e. connaître)
انقلاب
revolution
هَواپَیما
airplane
(-گذشتن (گذر
to pass (over)
everyone
همهٔ مردم
بَهار
spring
تابِستان
summer
پائیز \ پاییز
fall
زَمِستان
winter
برای چه؟
what for?
تاب
heat, fever
ستان-
time or place marker
برای + م\ت\ش
for + possessive suffix (me, you, him/her, etc)
(-چیدن (چین
to set (a table); to pluck (a flower)
(-پریدن (پر
to jump
خطرناک
dangerous
شطرنج
chess
طلا
gold
روغَن زیتون
olive oil
با ـــــ آشنا شدن
to meet (someone)
جدا شدن
to get divorced, separated
علاقمند + م\ت\ش
(I, you, s/he, etc) is interested in –> shortening of هستم، هستی ، etc
بچگی
childhood
کیف
purse
کلید
key
پیدا کردن
to find
دُرُست
true
بدیمنی
ominous, unlucky
بدی
evil
سختی
difficult
(-ساختن (ساز
to build, to make
شرح
description
سنت
custom
(رسم (رسوم
tradition
(-طول کشیدن (کش
to last, to take (time)
دیشب
last night
(-آوردن (آور
to bring
پول
money
با خودم\ت\ش
with me/you/him/etc (ex. to bring money with me)
پارسال
last year
