Chapter 5 - Cell Structure & Organisation Flashcards
Explain the cell theory
- All living things are composed of cells and cell products
- New cells are formed by cell division
- Cells contain genetic information used as instructions for growth and development
- Cells are the functioning units of life
- All chemical reactions of life happen inside cells
Name 9 characteristics of a prokaryotic organism
- Extremely small (1-10 micrometers)
- No nucleus
- Small ribosomes (18 nm)
- Flagellum for movement
- No membrane bounded organelles
- DNA in circular loop
- Unicellular
- Cell surface membrane present
- No Endoplasmic Reticulum
Name 9 characteristics of a eukaryotic organism
- Nucleus present
- Larger ribosomes (22 nm)
- No flagellum present
- Contain many membrane bounded organelles
- Endoplasmic Reticulum present
- Cell surface membrane present
- DNA located inside nucleus
- Multi- and unicellular
- Larger (10 - 100 micrometers)
Name 6 characteristics of a plant cell
- Cell wall of cellulose present
- Contain chloroplasts
- Large, permanent vacuole present
- Regular shape
- Nucleus located more to the edge
- Larger in size
Name 6 characteristics of an animal cell
- No cell wall
- No chloroplasts
- Small, non-permanent vacuoles
- Nucleus located at the center
- Irregular shape
- Smaller in size
Name the functions of the cell surface membrane
- Control the entry and exit of substances
- Selectively permeable
- Maintains a constant internal environment
Name the functions of the nucleus
- Controls all cell functions
- Produces an exact copy during cell division
- Passes on genetic information
- Site of transcription
Name the functions of the nuclear envelope
- Contains pores to let out RNA and ribosomes
- Allows communication
Name the functions of the nucleolus
- Ribosome synthesis
Name the functions of the mitochondria
- Releases energy
- Produces ATP during respiration
Name the functions of the chloroplasts
- Photosynthesis
Name the functions of the cell wall
- Mechanical support
- Prevents bursting
- Helps to maintain shape
- Fully permeable
Name the functions of the vacuole
- Stores salts, sugars, water and ions in cell sap
- Keeps plant cells turgid
Name the functions of the tonoplast
- Surrounds the vacuole
- Controls entry and exit of substances
Name the functions of the cytoplasm
- Metabolic pathways
- Most cellular activities occur in cytoplasm
- Site of translation
Name the functions of the rough ER
- Transports mRNA from the nucleus to ribosomes
- Synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
Name the functions of the smooth ER
- Synthesis of hormones and steroids
- Drug detoxification
Name the functions of the golgi-body
- Processes molecules and proteins into packets
- Production of lysosomes
Name the functions of the lysosomes
- Contains digestive enzymes
- Break down and destroy bacteria and unwanted organelles
Name the function of the ribosomes
- Protein synthesis
Name the function of the centrioles
- Forms spindle fibres during cell division
State the function of the structure of the fatty acid tail in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell surface membrane
Maintains fluidity
Name 5 protein molecules found in the cell surface membrane
- Spanning protein
- Embedded protein
- Surface protein
- Carrier protein
- Channel protein
State two functions of carbohydrate chains found in the cell surface membrane
- Receptors for cell recognition
- Act as antigens during immune response
Outline two functions of cholestrol molecules in the cell surface membrane
- Regulate fluidity
- Maintains stability
Name four characteristics of the fluid mosaic model
- Reasonable suggestion based on existing knowledge
- Phospholipids are liquids with fluidity
- Protiens are afloat
- Proteins are in a mosaic arrangement
