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Biology > Chapter 5 - Cell Structure & Organisation > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Cell Structure & Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the cell theory

A
  • All living things are composed of cells and cell products
  • New cells are formed by cell division
  • Cells contain genetic information used as instructions for growth and development
  • Cells are the functioning units of life
  • All chemical reactions of life happen inside cells
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2
Q

Name 9 characteristics of a prokaryotic organism

A
  • Extremely small (1-10 micrometers)
  • No nucleus
  • Small ribosomes (18 nm)
  • Flagellum for movement
  • No membrane bounded organelles
  • DNA in circular loop
  • Unicellular
  • Cell surface membrane present
  • No Endoplasmic Reticulum
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3
Q

Name 9 characteristics of a eukaryotic organism

A
  • Nucleus present
  • Larger ribosomes (22 nm)
  • No flagellum present
  • Contain many membrane bounded organelles
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum present
  • Cell surface membrane present
  • DNA located inside nucleus
  • Multi- and unicellular
  • Larger (10 - 100 micrometers)
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4
Q

Name 6 characteristics of a plant cell

A
  • Cell wall of cellulose present
  • Contain chloroplasts
  • Large, permanent vacuole present
  • Regular shape
  • Nucleus located more to the edge
  • Larger in size
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5
Q

Name 6 characteristics of an animal cell

A
  • No cell wall
  • No chloroplasts
  • Small, non-permanent vacuoles
  • Nucleus located at the center
  • Irregular shape
  • Smaller in size
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6
Q

Name the functions of the cell surface membrane

A
  • Control the entry and exit of substances
  • Selectively permeable
  • Maintains a constant internal environment
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7
Q

Name the functions of the nucleus

A
  • Controls all cell functions
  • Produces an exact copy during cell division
  • Passes on genetic information
  • Site of transcription
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8
Q

Name the functions of the nuclear envelope

A
  • Contains pores to let out RNA and ribosomes

- Allows communication

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9
Q

Name the functions of the nucleolus

A
  • Ribosome synthesis
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10
Q

Name the functions of the mitochondria

A
  • Releases energy

- Produces ATP during respiration

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11
Q

Name the functions of the chloroplasts

A
  • Photosynthesis
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12
Q

Name the functions of the cell wall

A
  • Mechanical support
  • Prevents bursting
  • Helps to maintain shape
  • Fully permeable
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13
Q

Name the functions of the vacuole

A
  • Stores salts, sugars, water and ions in cell sap

- Keeps plant cells turgid

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14
Q

Name the functions of the tonoplast

A
  • Surrounds the vacuole

- Controls entry and exit of substances

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15
Q

Name the functions of the cytoplasm

A
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Most cellular activities occur in cytoplasm
  • Site of translation
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16
Q

Name the functions of the rough ER

A
  • Transports mRNA from the nucleus to ribosomes

- Synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

17
Q

Name the functions of the smooth ER

A
  • Synthesis of hormones and steroids

- Drug detoxification

18
Q

Name the functions of the golgi-body

A
  • Processes molecules and proteins into packets

- Production of lysosomes

19
Q

Name the functions of the lysosomes

A
  • Contains digestive enzymes

- Break down and destroy bacteria and unwanted organelles

20
Q

Name the function of the ribosomes

A
  • Protein synthesis
21
Q

Name the function of the centrioles

A
  • Forms spindle fibres during cell division
22
Q

State the function of the structure of the fatty acid tail in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell surface membrane

A

Maintains fluidity

23
Q

Name 5 protein molecules found in the cell surface membrane

A
  • Spanning protein
  • Embedded protein
  • Surface protein
  • Carrier protein
  • Channel protein
24
Q

State two functions of carbohydrate chains found in the cell surface membrane

A
  • Receptors for cell recognition

- Act as antigens during immune response

25
Q

Outline two functions of cholestrol molecules in the cell surface membrane

A
  • Regulate fluidity

- Maintains stability

26
Q

Name four characteristics of the fluid mosaic model

A
  • Reasonable suggestion based on existing knowledge
  • Phospholipids are liquids with fluidity
  • Protiens are afloat
  • Proteins are in a mosaic arrangement

Biology (40 decks)

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