Chapter 16 - Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration. Flashcards
Name the three different types of respiration.
- Aerobic respiration
- Anaerobic respiration in muscle
- Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.
Name the 10 Uses of energy in the human body.
- Muscle contraction.
- nerve impulse transmission.
- neurotransmitter substances.
- Heart to beat to circulate blood.
- synthesis of new materials for growth.
- regulation of body temperature.
- For removal of waste substances.
- digestion and obtaining of food.
- For active transport of digested food.
- To propel sperm cells forward.
In what form and from what is energy obtained, used and stored in living cells.
- From:
Energy obtained from energy rich molecules (glucose)
ATP is formed from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
- Form:
Glucose is not used directly. It is transferred to and stored as ATP which provide the energy. ATP is small and water soluble. Can move around inside a cell.
Energy is produced. True or False
- False, energy cannot produced!
What is respiration?
- Respiration is the release of energy from food substances in all living cells 24/7.
What is Aerobic respiration?
- Aerobic means oxygen is needed.
- Carbohydrate (glucose) is oxidized into CO2, water and ATP
- Aerobic respiration yields 38 ATP from 1 glucose molecule.
- this is a large amount of energy.
What is the equation of aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38 ATP
Describe the structure of the mitochondrion.
- Rod shaped and cylindrical
- organelle
- 0.5 -1.5 micrometers wide and 3-10 long.
- double membrane surround it.
- inner membrane is the cristae
- the outer forms a smooth boundary.
- inside the inner membrane is the matrix
- ## outside the outer membrane is the cytoplasm.
Study the picture of page 302
Hello……its me.
Describe Glycolysis.
- its independent from oxygen.
- takes place in the cytoplasm, just outside the mitochondrion.
- it split a glucose ( 6C molecule) into two 3C molecules
- these 3C is called pyruvate molecules.
- Two NADH molecules are formed, and goes to the electron transport system.
- During glycolysis, 4 ATP formed, while 2 ATP are used.
- Thus 2 ATP for each molecule of glucose catalyzed.
Describe the Krebs cycle
- Depended on oxygen
- occurs in the matrix
- pyruvate molecules goes through the mitochondrial membrane and enter the mitochondrion.
- Pyruvate is decarboxylated
- means CO2 is removed
- Thus CO2 is the byproduct of respiration.
- Hydrogen combines with NAD
- this forms 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules
- they go to the electron transport system.
- 2 ATP formed ( little energy).
Electron transport system. Describe it. I dare you!
- Occurs in the cristae.
- 2 NADH from glycolysis, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 from krebb release free energy for the conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP
- this process is called oxidative phosphorylation.
- H atoms accepted by oxygen. forms water.
- leaves cell as a product of respiration.
- 34 ATP are formed ( large amounts)
- Total ATP of aerobic respiration is 38 ATP
- 2 in glycolysis, 2 in krebb cycle and 34 in electron transport system.
study the scetch on page 304, and 305
I have been wandering how after all we did all this to you.
what is anaerobic respiration and why does it occur?
- respiration without oxygen
- glucose broken down without oxygen.
- less ATP formed
- occur during strenuous exercise.
- circulation cannot supply sufficient oxygen for respiration
Explain what happens during anaerobic respiration in muscle tissue.
- Less ATP formed without oxygen.
- pyruvate formed in glycolysis.
- without oxygen, kreb cycle and oxidative phosphorylation cannot occur.
- pyruvate is then converted to lactic acid.
- Only 2 ATP formed
- thus muscles gets tired
- because of little energy.
- but NO carbon dioxide forms.
