Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 25 - Sexual Reproduction In Plants > Flashcards

Chapter 25 - Sexual Reproduction In Plants Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define unisexual flowers

A

Have stamen ( male) and carpel (female) on separate plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define bisexual flowers

A

Has stamens and carpels on same flower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Receptacle’s function

A

Bears the parts of the flower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Flower stalk’s function

A

Connects the flower to the stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sepal’s function

A

Protects flower while in developing bud stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carpel’s function

A

The female reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ovary’s function

A

Contains ovules and becomes the fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ovule’s function

A

Contains female gametes and becomes the seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Female gamete’s function

A

Fuse with male gamete to form diploid zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Style’s function

A

Carries the stigma and pollen tube grows through style

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stigma’s function

A

Pollen becomes attached during pollination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stamen’s function

A

The male’s reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anther’s funtion

A

Contains pollen sacs which produce pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Filament’s function

A

Carries the anther to be exposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pollen sac’s function

A

Chambers of the anther in which pollen grains are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Male gamete’s function

A

Fuses with female gamete to form diploid zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Petal’s function

A

Attracts insects for pollination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nectary’s function

A

Produces nectar

19
Q

Nectar’s function

A

Sweet sugary solution insects feed on which causes pollination

20
Q

Define pollination

A

Process in which pollen is transferred from anther to stigma of same species

21
Q

Self pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma within the same flower

22
Q

Cross pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma on another plant

23
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of self pollination

A
  1. Reduces genetic variation

2. Reduces resistance to disease

24
Q

Name 2 advantages of self pollination

A
  1. In harsh enviroments pollination can still occur

2. If plant has good characteristic it can be passed on

25
Q

Advantages of cross pollination

A
  1. Causes more genetic variation
  2. Great ability to adapt
  3. More chance for survival
  4. Plants are more resistant to disease
26
Q

Disadvantages of cross pollination

A

A lot of pollen is wasted

27
Q

Main agents of pollination

A
  1. Wind

2. Insects

28
Q

Other agents

A
  1. Water
  2. Animals
  3. Humans
29
Q

Insect pollinated flowers

A
  1. Petals are large bright
  2. Have nectaries
  3. Flowers are scented
  4. Reproductive organs are enclosed
  5. Smaller anthers
  6. Smaller stigmas
  7. Pollen grains are sticky and spiky
30
Q

Wind pollinated flowers

A
  1. Petals are small and dull
  2. Nectaries are absent
  3. Flowers not scented
  4. Reproductive organs are projected outside
  5. Large anthers
  6. Large feathery stigmas
  7. Pollen are smooth and light
31
Q

Growth of pollen tube and double fertilisation

A
  • pollen lands on stigma
  • pollen absorbs fluid and produces tube
  • growth is controlled by pollen tube nuclues
  • the tube grows through stigma style and ovary
  • two generative nuclei then move down the tube
  • the tube grows towards the micropyle and ovule
  • the tube raptures and the two male gametes enter the ovule
  • one gamete fuses with egg and form zygote
  • the other fuses with the two polar nuclei and form endosperm
  • the endosperm is where nutrients are stored
  • after fertilisation the petals, stamen and style dries out and fall off
32
Q

Formtion of the fruit

A
  • fruit is ripened ovary

* depends on method of dispersal

33
Q

Formation of seed

A
  1. Develops from the ovule
  2. Zygote grows by mitosis to produce embryo
  3. Embryo consist of radical and plumule
  4. The triploid endosperm nucleus divides to form endosperm to store nutrients
  5. As seed matures the outer most layer becomes the testa
  6. The ovule becomes the seed and the ivary the fruit
34
Q

Structure of non-endospermic seed

A
  • seed is covered by testa
  • the micropyle is a small hole in testa through which water and oxygen enters
  • the hilum is a scar where the seed was attached to fruit
  • the embryo is found between cotyledons
  • embryo consist of radical and plumule
35
Q

Define seed dispersal

A

The spreading out of seed and fruits as far as possible from mother plant

36
Q

Importance of seed dispersal

A
  1. Avoids overcrowding
  2. Reduces competition
  3. Spreads to new environments
  4. Reduces risk of soil depletion
  5. Reduces risk of spreading disease
  6. Reduces natural disaster
37
Q

Wind dispersal

A
  1. Surface area of seed increased
  2. Seeds increase buoyancy
  3. Are light and small
  4. Some seed has hair to float
  5. Some have wings
38
Q

Animal dispersal

A
  1. Transport by sticking to fur of animal
  2. Hooked seed travel long distnces
  3. Succulent seeds can pass through digestive system
39
Q

Water dispersal

A

May contain spongy tissue which allows it to float

40
Q

Self dispersal

A
  1. Have mechanisms which throws seeds
  2. Depends on tension caused by drying out
  3. Suddenly splits open and seeds scatter
  4. Some plants explodes and seeds scatter
41
Q

Seed germination

A
  1. Germination is the onset of growth of the embryo

2. Germination needs oxygen, water and suitable temperature to begin

42
Q

Stages in germination

A
  1. Seed takes up water through micropyle
  2. Cotyledons swell and testa burst
  3. Enzymes become active
  4. Enzymes digest insoluble nutrients
  5. Digested nutrients used for growth and respiration
  6. Radical emerges from micropyle
  7. Testa falls off
  8. Plumule emerges out of soil
  9. Plumule grows into the shoot
  10. Shoots start carry out photosynthesis
43
Q

State the funtion of flowers

A

They are the sexual organs of a plant

Biology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions