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Biology > Chapter 3- Diversity of Living Organisms > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Diversity of Living Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the seven taxa groups in the correct order

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
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2
Q

Name the 5 kingdoms

A
  • Prokaryotae
  • Protoctista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
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3
Q

Name 6 characteristics of the kingdom Prokaryotae

A
  • Genetic material in circular loop
  • Cell wall of murein
  • Surrounded by slime capsule
  • Unicellular
  • No membrane bounded organelles
  • Some cells have flagella for movement
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4
Q

Name 5 characteristics of the kingdom Protoctista

A
  • Mostly unicellular
  • Include unicellular algae
  • Eukaryotic
  • Include huge multicellular seaweeds
  • Are all aquatic
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5
Q

Name 6 characteristics of the kingdom Fungi

A
  • No chloroplasts
  • Multicellular (EXCEPT YEAST)
  • Cell walls of chitin
  • Saprotrophic
  • Reproduce by spores
  • Eukaryotic
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6
Q

Name 4 characteristics of the kingdom Plantae

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
  • Cell wall of cellulose
  • Autotrophic
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7
Q

Name 6 characteristics of the kingdom Animalia

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
  • Heterotrophic
  • No cell walls
  • Nerves and muscles present
  • All cells specialised to perform a certain function
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8
Q

Name 4 characteristics of the division flowering plants

A
  • Multicellular
  • Terrestrial
  • Eukaryotic
  • Bear flowers with seeds inclosed in fruits
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9
Q

Name 5 characteristics of Monocotolydons

A
  • Avdentitious root system
  • Long and narrow
  • One seed lobe
  • Parallel leaf veins
  • Flower petals in multiples of 3
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10
Q

Describe the structure of a virus

A
  • Non-cellular
  • 20-300 nm
  • Ultramicroscopic
  • Consists of a strand of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
  • Nucleic acid found at the core
  • Core is wrapped in a protein coat, called the capsid
  • Capsid is made up of capsomeres
  • Some virusses have a external envelope made up of glycolipids and glycoproteins
  • External envelope is derived from a host cell in which the virus replicates itself
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11
Q

Discuss whether a virus is living or non-living

A
  • Virusses show no sensitivity
  • Inert and can not not move outside a host cell
  • Can only reproduce by taking over a host cell
  • No genetic capacity to respire, excrete or divide
  • Can not excrete, respire, grow or move
  • Virusses are therefore non-living
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12
Q

State which two features an organism must have to be classified as Chordata

A
  • Post-anal tail

- Backbone

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13
Q

Name 4 characteristics of the class Osteichthyes

A
  • Fish with skeleton and bones
  • Gills covered by opperculum
  • Fins for swimming and balancing
  • Fins supported by boney rays
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14
Q

Name 4 adaptations of class Osteichthyes

A
  • Streamlined body
  • Scales overlap
  • Fins
  • Gills for gaseous exchange
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15
Q

Name 4 characteristics of class Amphibia

A
  • Small breathe with gills
  • Smooth, moist skins
  • Adults breathe with lungs and skins
  • Terrestrial animals breeding in water
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16
Q

Name 4 adaptations of class Amphibia

A
  • Mucus prevents body from drying out
  • Nostrils on top of head
  • Uses skin for gaseous exchange
  • Lay soft eggs with jelly-like layer
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17
Q

Name 4 characteristics of class Reptilia

A
  • Tough, dry, scaly skin
  • Gaseous exchange in lungs
  • Terrestrial animals
  • Four pentadactyl limbs (except in snakes obviously)
18
Q

Name 4 adaptations of class Reptilia

A
  • Tough, scaly skin to prevent water loss
  • Eggs are leathery and resistant to water loss
  • Leathery shells prevent damage
  • Do not return to water to breed
19
Q

Why do reptiles not return to the water to breed?

A

Makes fertilization more successful

20
Q

Name 4 characteristics of class Aves

A
  • Body covered in feathers
  • Scales on legs
  • Forelimbs modified as wings
  • Beaks to peck and tear at food
21
Q

Name 4 adaptations of class Aves

A
  • Strong skeleton with hollow bones
  • Wings enable flight
  • Streamlined bodies
  • Feathers act as insulation
22
Q

Name 3 characteristics of class mammalia

A
  • Body covered in hair/fur
  • Mammary glands to feed young
  • External earflaps called pinnae
23
Q

Name 4 adaptations of class mammalia

A
  • Fur acts as insulation
  • Sweat lowers body temperatures
  • Bear few offspring
  • Highly developed parental care
24
Q

State why organisms in the class aves have developed hollow skeletons

A

Less weight which makes flight easier

25
Q

State which three features an organism must have to be classified as Arthropoda

A
  • Jointed limbs
  • Segmented bodies
  • Exoskeleton
26
Q

Name 4 characteristics of class insecta

A
  • Body divided into three sections: Head, thorax and abdomen
  • Three pairs of legs
  • One pair of antennae
  • One pair of compound eyes
27
Q

Name 4 adaptations of class insecta

A
  • Wings to flee predators
  • Small
  • Many different colours for camoflage
  • Hard exoskeleton for protection
28
Q

Name 4 characteristics of class crustacea

A
  • Body divided into two sections: Abdomen and cephalothorax
  • Five or more pairs of legs
  • Hard exoskeleton
  • Compound eyes on stilts
29
Q

Name 3 adaptations of class crustacea

A
  • Hard exoskeleton for protection
  • Strong pinchers to catch prey
  • Antennae used as sense organs to find food
30
Q

Name 4 characteristics of class arachnida

A
  • Four pairs of legs
  • Body divided into two sections: Cephalothorax and abdomen
  • Eight simple eyes
  • Book lungs for gaseous exchange
31
Q

Name 4 adaptations of class arachnida

A
  • Chilicarae carry poison to cease and inject prey
  • Scorpions have strong pinchers
  • Carnivores and hunters
  • Silk threads used by spiders to make webs and trap prey
32
Q

Name 4 characteristics of class myriapoda

A
  • Body divided into head and abdomen
  • Many jointed legs
  • One pair of antennae
  • Long segmented abdomen
33
Q

Name three characteristics of centipedes

A
  • Dorsi-ventrally flattened bodies (18 segments)
  • Each segment bears one pair of legs
  • Poison claws and strong mouth parts
34
Q

Name three characteristics of millipedes

A
  • Cylindrical body (100 segments)
  • Each segment bears two pairs of legs
  • One pair of antennae
35
Q

Name two adaptations of myriapods

A
  • Poison claws and strong mouth parts

- Hard exoskeleton

36
Q

Name 4 characteristics of annelids

A
  • Segmented worms
  • Metameric segmentation
  • Move with bristles called chaetae
  • Covered in a non-chitinous cuticle
37
Q

Name 3 adaptations of annelids

A
  • Hydrostatic skeleton
  • Mucus on the skin for protection
  • Chaetae help with movement
38
Q

Name 4 characteristics of nematodes

A
  • Unsegmented worms
  • Long and thin and pointed at both ends
  • Parasitic
  • Live in soil
39
Q

Name 4 characteristics of molluscs

A
  • Tongue-like radula for feeding
  • Unsegmented bodies
  • Body divided into head, muscular foot and hump
  • Have gills or lungs in mantle cavity
40
Q

Name 4 adaptations of molluscs

A
  • Slimy muscular foot
  • Skin permanently moist
  • Two pairs of tentacles
  • Pulls body into shell for protection
41
Q

Name 4 characteristics of class cnidaria

A
  • Simplest animals
  • Hollow gut
  • Sac-like body cavity
  • Single opening at one end

Biology (40 decks)

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