Chapter 3- Diversity of Living Organisms Flashcards
Name the seven taxa groups in the correct order
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Name the 5 kingdoms
- Prokaryotae
- Protoctista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
Name 6 characteristics of the kingdom Prokaryotae
- Genetic material in circular loop
- Cell wall of murein
- Surrounded by slime capsule
- Unicellular
- No membrane bounded organelles
- Some cells have flagella for movement
Name 5 characteristics of the kingdom Protoctista
- Mostly unicellular
- Include unicellular algae
- Eukaryotic
- Include huge multicellular seaweeds
- Are all aquatic
Name 6 characteristics of the kingdom Fungi
- No chloroplasts
- Multicellular (EXCEPT YEAST)
- Cell walls of chitin
- Saprotrophic
- Reproduce by spores
- Eukaryotic
Name 4 characteristics of the kingdom Plantae
- Multicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Cell wall of cellulose
- Autotrophic
Name 6 characteristics of the kingdom Animalia
- Multicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Heterotrophic
- No cell walls
- Nerves and muscles present
- All cells specialised to perform a certain function
Name 4 characteristics of the division flowering plants
- Multicellular
- Terrestrial
- Eukaryotic
- Bear flowers with seeds inclosed in fruits
Name 5 characteristics of Monocotolydons
- Avdentitious root system
- Long and narrow
- One seed lobe
- Parallel leaf veins
- Flower petals in multiples of 3
Describe the structure of a virus
- Non-cellular
- 20-300 nm
- Ultramicroscopic
- Consists of a strand of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
- Nucleic acid found at the core
- Core is wrapped in a protein coat, called the capsid
- Capsid is made up of capsomeres
- Some virusses have a external envelope made up of glycolipids and glycoproteins
- External envelope is derived from a host cell in which the virus replicates itself
Discuss whether a virus is living or non-living
- Virusses show no sensitivity
- Inert and can not not move outside a host cell
- Can only reproduce by taking over a host cell
- No genetic capacity to respire, excrete or divide
- Can not excrete, respire, grow or move
- Virusses are therefore non-living
State which two features an organism must have to be classified as Chordata
- Post-anal tail
- Backbone
Name 4 characteristics of the class Osteichthyes
- Fish with skeleton and bones
- Gills covered by opperculum
- Fins for swimming and balancing
- Fins supported by boney rays
Name 4 adaptations of class Osteichthyes
- Streamlined body
- Scales overlap
- Fins
- Gills for gaseous exchange
Name 4 characteristics of class Amphibia
- Small breathe with gills
- Smooth, moist skins
- Adults breathe with lungs and skins
- Terrestrial animals breeding in water
Name 4 adaptations of class Amphibia
- Mucus prevents body from drying out
- Nostrils on top of head
- Uses skin for gaseous exchange
- Lay soft eggs with jelly-like layer
Name 4 characteristics of class Reptilia
- Tough, dry, scaly skin
- Gaseous exchange in lungs
- Terrestrial animals
- Four pentadactyl limbs (except in snakes obviously)
Name 4 adaptations of class Reptilia
- Tough, scaly skin to prevent water loss
- Eggs are leathery and resistant to water loss
- Leathery shells prevent damage
- Do not return to water to breed
Why do reptiles not return to the water to breed?
Makes fertilization more successful
Name 4 characteristics of class Aves
- Body covered in feathers
- Scales on legs
- Forelimbs modified as wings
- Beaks to peck and tear at food
Name 4 adaptations of class Aves
- Strong skeleton with hollow bones
- Wings enable flight
- Streamlined bodies
- Feathers act as insulation
Name 3 characteristics of class mammalia
- Body covered in hair/fur
- Mammary glands to feed young
- External earflaps called pinnae
Name 4 adaptations of class mammalia
- Fur acts as insulation
- Sweat lowers body temperatures
- Bear few offspring
- Highly developed parental care
State why organisms in the class aves have developed hollow skeletons
Less weight which makes flight easier
State which three features an organism must have to be classified as Arthropoda
- Jointed limbs
- Segmented bodies
- Exoskeleton
Name 4 characteristics of class insecta
- Body divided into three sections: Head, thorax and abdomen
- Three pairs of legs
- One pair of antennae
- One pair of compound eyes
Name 4 adaptations of class insecta
- Wings to flee predators
- Small
- Many different colours for camoflage
- Hard exoskeleton for protection
Name 4 characteristics of class crustacea
- Body divided into two sections: Abdomen and cephalothorax
- Five or more pairs of legs
- Hard exoskeleton
- Compound eyes on stilts
Name 3 adaptations of class crustacea
- Hard exoskeleton for protection
- Strong pinchers to catch prey
- Antennae used as sense organs to find food
Name 4 characteristics of class arachnida
- Four pairs of legs
- Body divided into two sections: Cephalothorax and abdomen
- Eight simple eyes
- Book lungs for gaseous exchange
Name 4 adaptations of class arachnida
- Chilicarae carry poison to cease and inject prey
- Scorpions have strong pinchers
- Carnivores and hunters
- Silk threads used by spiders to make webs and trap prey
Name 4 characteristics of class myriapoda
- Body divided into head and abdomen
- Many jointed legs
- One pair of antennae
- Long segmented abdomen
Name three characteristics of centipedes
- Dorsi-ventrally flattened bodies (18 segments)
- Each segment bears one pair of legs
- Poison claws and strong mouth parts
Name three characteristics of millipedes
- Cylindrical body (100 segments)
- Each segment bears two pairs of legs
- One pair of antennae
Name two adaptations of myriapods
- Poison claws and strong mouth parts
- Hard exoskeleton
Name 4 characteristics of annelids
- Segmented worms
- Metameric segmentation
- Move with bristles called chaetae
- Covered in a non-chitinous cuticle
Name 3 adaptations of annelids
- Hydrostatic skeleton
- Mucus on the skin for protection
- Chaetae help with movement
Name 4 characteristics of nematodes
- Unsegmented worms
- Long and thin and pointed at both ends
- Parasitic
- Live in soil
Name 4 characteristics of molluscs
- Tongue-like radula for feeding
- Unsegmented bodies
- Body divided into head, muscular foot and hump
- Have gills or lungs in mantle cavity
Name 4 adaptations of molluscs
- Slimy muscular foot
- Skin permanently moist
- Two pairs of tentacles
- Pulls body into shell for protection
Name 4 characteristics of class cnidaria
- Simplest animals
- Hollow gut
- Sac-like body cavity
- Single opening at one end
