Chapter 3- Diversity of Living Organisms Flashcards
1
Q
Name the seven taxa groups in the correct order
A
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
2
Q
Name the 5 kingdoms
A
- Prokaryotae
- Protoctista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
3
Q
Name 6 characteristics of the kingdom Prokaryotae
A
- Genetic material in circular loop
- Cell wall of murein
- Surrounded by slime capsule
- Unicellular
- No membrane bounded organelles
- Some cells have flagella for movement
4
Q
Name 5 characteristics of the kingdom Protoctista
A
- Mostly unicellular
- Include unicellular algae
- Eukaryotic
- Include huge multicellular seaweeds
- Are all aquatic
5
Q
Name 6 characteristics of the kingdom Fungi
A
- No chloroplasts
- Multicellular (EXCEPT YEAST)
- Cell walls of chitin
- Saprotrophic
- Reproduce by spores
- Eukaryotic
6
Q
Name 4 characteristics of the kingdom Plantae
A
- Multicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Cell wall of cellulose
- Autotrophic
7
Q
Name 6 characteristics of the kingdom Animalia
A
- Multicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Heterotrophic
- No cell walls
- Nerves and muscles present
- All cells specialised to perform a certain function
8
Q
Name 4 characteristics of the division flowering plants
A
- Multicellular
- Terrestrial
- Eukaryotic
- Bear flowers with seeds inclosed in fruits
9
Q
Name 5 characteristics of Monocotolydons
A
- Avdentitious root system
- Long and narrow
- One seed lobe
- Parallel leaf veins
- Flower petals in multiples of 3
10
Q
Describe the structure of a virus
A
- Non-cellular
- 20-300 nm
- Ultramicroscopic
- Consists of a strand of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
- Nucleic acid found at the core
- Core is wrapped in a protein coat, called the capsid
- Capsid is made up of capsomeres
- Some virusses have a external envelope made up of glycolipids and glycoproteins
- External envelope is derived from a host cell in which the virus replicates itself
11
Q
Discuss whether a virus is living or non-living
A
- Virusses show no sensitivity
- Inert and can not not move outside a host cell
- Can only reproduce by taking over a host cell
- No genetic capacity to respire, excrete or divide
- Can not excrete, respire, grow or move
- Virusses are therefore non-living
12
Q
State which two features an organism must have to be classified as Chordata
A
- Post-anal tail
- Backbone
13
Q
Name 4 characteristics of the class Osteichthyes
A
- Fish with skeleton and bones
- Gills covered by opperculum
- Fins for swimming and balancing
- Fins supported by boney rays
14
Q
Name 4 adaptations of class Osteichthyes
A
- Streamlined body
- Scales overlap
- Fins
- Gills for gaseous exchange
15
Q
Name 4 characteristics of class Amphibia
A
- Small breathe with gills
- Smooth, moist skins
- Adults breathe with lungs and skins
- Terrestrial animals breeding in water
16
Q
Name 4 adaptations of class Amphibia
A
- Mucus prevents body from drying out
- Nostrils on top of head
- Uses skin for gaseous exchange
- Lay soft eggs with jelly-like layer
17
Q
Name 4 characteristics of class Reptilia
A
- Tough, dry, scaly skin
- Gaseous exchange in lungs
- Terrestrial animals
- Four pentadactyl limbs (except in snakes obviously)
18
Q
Name 4 adaptations of class Reptilia
A
- Tough, scaly skin to prevent water loss
- Eggs are leathery and resistant to water loss
- Leathery shells prevent damage
- Do not return to water to breed
19
Q
Why do reptiles not return to the water to breed?
A
Makes fertilization more successful
20
Q
Name 4 characteristics of class Aves
A
- Body covered in feathers
- Scales on legs
- Forelimbs modified as wings
- Beaks to peck and tear at food
21
Q
Name 4 adaptations of class Aves
A
- Strong skeleton with hollow bones
- Wings enable flight
- Streamlined bodies
- Feathers act as insulation
22
Q
Name 3 characteristics of class mammalia
A
- Body covered in hair/fur
- Mammary glands to feed young
- External earflaps called pinnae
23
Q
Name 4 adaptations of class mammalia
A
- Fur acts as insulation
- Sweat lowers body temperatures
- Bear few offspring
- Highly developed parental care
24
Q
State why organisms in the class aves have developed hollow skeletons
A
Less weight which makes flight easier
25
State which three features an organism must have to be classified as Arthropoda
- Jointed limbs
- Segmented bodies
- Exoskeleton
26
Name 4 characteristics of class insecta
- Body divided into three sections: Head, thorax and abdomen
- Three pairs of legs
- One pair of antennae
- One pair of compound eyes
27
Name 4 adaptations of class insecta
- Wings to flee predators
- Small
- Many different colours for camoflage
- Hard exoskeleton for protection
28
Name 4 characteristics of class crustacea
- Body divided into two sections: Abdomen and cephalothorax
- Five or more pairs of legs
- Hard exoskeleton
- Compound eyes on stilts
29
Name 3 adaptations of class crustacea
- Hard exoskeleton for protection
- Strong pinchers to catch prey
- Antennae used as sense organs to find food
30
Name 4 characteristics of class arachnida
- Four pairs of legs
- Body divided into two sections: Cephalothorax and abdomen
- Eight simple eyes
- Book lungs for gaseous exchange
31
Name 4 adaptations of class arachnida
- Chilicarae carry poison to cease and inject prey
- Scorpions have strong pinchers
- Carnivores and hunters
- Silk threads used by spiders to make webs and trap prey
32
Name 4 characteristics of class myriapoda
- Body divided into head and abdomen
- Many jointed legs
- One pair of antennae
- Long segmented abdomen
33
Name three characteristics of centipedes
- Dorsi-ventrally flattened bodies (18 segments)
- Each segment bears one pair of legs
- Poison claws and strong mouth parts
34
Name three characteristics of millipedes
- Cylindrical body (100 segments)
- Each segment bears two pairs of legs
- One pair of antennae
35
Name two adaptations of myriapods
- Poison claws and strong mouth parts
| - Hard exoskeleton
36
Name 4 characteristics of annelids
- Segmented worms
- Metameric segmentation
- Move with bristles called chaetae
- Covered in a non-chitinous cuticle
37
Name 3 adaptations of annelids
- Hydrostatic skeleton
- Mucus on the skin for protection
- Chaetae help with movement
38
Name 4 characteristics of nematodes
- Unsegmented worms
- Long and thin and pointed at both ends
- Parasitic
- Live in soil
39
Name 4 characteristics of molluscs
- Tongue-like radula for feeding
- Unsegmented bodies
- Body divided into head, muscular foot and hump
- Have gills or lungs in mantle cavity
40
Name 4 adaptations of molluscs
- Slimy muscular foot
- Skin permanently moist
- Two pairs of tentacles
- Pulls body into shell for protection
41
Name 4 characteristics of class cnidaria
- Simplest animals
- Hollow gut
- Sac-like body cavity
- Single opening at one end
