Chapter 20 - Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Glands which produce hormones.

Ductless, and releases hormones directly into the blood

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2
Q

Name the parts of the endocrine system (and make sure you know where they are situated)

A
  • Pituitary gland (brain
  • Thyroid gland (Larynx)
  • Adrenal Glands (Kidneys)
  • Islets of langerhans (Pancreas)
  • Testes
  • Ovaries
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3
Q

Explain the effects of adrenaline on the respiratory system

A
  • Increases the rate and depth of breathing
  • Increased uptake of oxygen in blood
  • Bronchioles dilate
  • More oxygen for faster respiration
  • More carbon dioxide is excreted
  • Conversion of glycogen to glucose happens faster
  • More glucose = faster respiration
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4
Q

Explain the effects of adrenaline on the circulatory system

A
  • Increased heartrate
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Faster transport of oxygen
  • Increased respiration and metabolic rate
  • More energy is released
  • Increases skeletal muscle tone
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5
Q

Explain the effects of adrenaline on the rest of the body`

A
  • Pupils dilate (better vision)
  • Diverts blood from gut, causins inhibition
  • Hair erector muscles contract, increasing size of organism
  • Increased mental awareness and sensory perception
  • More repid response is possible
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6
Q

Explain, in terms of hormones, what happens when blood glucose levels are too high

A
  • The beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete insulin
  • Insulin is transported to the liver
  • Insulin instructs the lier to convert excess glucose into glycogen
  • Glycogen can be stored in the liver and muscles
  • Insulin can increase the rate of respiration
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7
Q

Explain, in terms of hormones, what happens when blood glucose levels are too low

A
  • Alpha cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas release glucagon
  • Glucagon is transported to the liver
  • Glucagon instructs the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
  • Glycogen is stored in liver and muscles
  • Glucagon can decrease rate of respiration
  • Adrenaline can also be secreted from the adrenal glands to perform this function
  • Controlled by homeostasis
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8
Q

State the normal concentration of glucose in the blood

A

90 - 100 mg/100 ml of blood (0.1%)

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9
Q

Define a hormone

A

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, which is released directly into the bloodstream and transported to target organs.

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