chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
three components of emotion
A
- physiological
- cognitive
- behavioural
2
Q
Freuds view on anxiety
A
- two types: objective fears and neurotic anxiety
- neurotic: stems from ego about unwanted drive
- ego initiates defence against internal pressures
3
Q
examples of anxiety disorders
A
- agoraphobia
- social anxiety disorder
- panic disorder
- generalized anxiety disorder
- specific phobia
4
Q
biological factors of anxiety
A
- genetics, 30-50% hereditary
- neurotransmitters/ neuroanatomy mechanisms (amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, brain stem, and spinal chord)
5
Q
psychological factors of anxiety
A
- behavioural factors (conditioning)
-cognitive factors (biased perceptions, see the world as dangerous) - Interpersonal Factors ( attachment styles)
6
Q
Mowrer two factor theory
A
- fears develop through classical conditioning and are maintained through operant conditioning (avoidance, etc)
7
Q
Barlow’s triple vulnerable etiology for anxiety
A
- biological
- non specific psychological
- specific psychological
8
Q
Panic disorder
A
- must have recurrent unexpected panic attacks (2 for diagnosis)
- 4/13 symptoms (psycho and physio)
- assessment: clinical interview, behavioural measurement, psychophsiological tests, self-report
9
Q
Agoraphobia
A
- fear of being in situations where you cannot escape, help is not available
- panic attacks often trigger agoraphobia
- avoid fear situations
10
Q
Alarm theory
A
- panic attack result from false alarm response to emotional cues
11
Q
specific phobia
A
- types: situational, animal, Blood injury injection (BII), natural environmental, and other
- diagnosis: persistent fear, exposure causes unreasonable distress, interfere w everyday
12
Q
SAD
A
- social anxiety disorder
- lasts 6 or more months
- most social settings, or specific activities
- fear of being negatively evaluated
- intense
- diagnosis: structured/semistructured interview, self report
13
Q
GAD
A
- generalized anxiety disorder
- pathological worry (essessive, chronic)
- diagnosis: excessive worry most days over 6 months, difficulty controlling worrying, 3 or more symptoms (restless, tired easy, difficulty concentrating, irritability, tension, sleep prob)
- worry about everything rather than specific domain
14
Q
OCD
A
- obsessive compulsive disorder
- recurrent obsession and compulsions
-presence of either O or C - intrusiveness/ uncontrollable/ unwanted
- subtype: contamination/washing, need for order/symmetry, and checking behaviours
- basil ganglia and frontal cortex
15
Q
Obsessions and compulsions
A
- obsession: uncontrollable thoughts or ideas
- Compulsions: behaviours that are intended to reduce anxiety
16
Q
TAF
A
- thought action fusion
- fusion of thoughts and behaviours
- likelihood (thinking increases probability of coming true) and moral (having a thought is the same as doing said thought)
17
Q
BDD
A
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- flaws of physical appearance
- cog distortions, obsessions and compulsions
- treatment: cognitive behavioural approaches (exposure and response prevention (ERP), and meds (SSRIs))
- suffer many hours each day
- high suicide rate
18
Q
PTSD
A
- post traumatic stress disorder
- diagnosis: exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence
19
Q
types of ptsd symtoms
A
- intrusion: involuntary memories, distressing dreams, dissociative reactions
- avoidance symptoms: avoid external reminders, memories or thoughts
- alterations in cog and mood: inability to remember, neg beliefs/expectations, neg emotional state
- alterations in arousal/ reaction: outbursts, reckless, hyper vigilance, exaggerated startle, sleep disturbance, concentration issues
- flashbacks, episodes
20
Q
Dual representation theory
A
- trauma memories stored in non verbal sensory based form, non trauma verbal.
21
Q
mean making theories
A
- trauma makes ppl integrate beliefs w realities faced
22
Q
Treatment for anxiety and related disorders
A
- Psychological interventions: exposure based behavioural interventions, Cognitive behavioural therapy, cost effectiveness, cognitive restructuring, thought records, exposure, desensitization, Worry imagery exposed
- Pharmacotherapy: Benzodiazepines, antidepressants
23
Q
Hot cognitions
A
- deep cognitive change, connecting cognitions to emotionally charged responses
- thoughts linked to significant emotional reactions
24
Q
organic vs dissociative amnesia
A
- medical examination: d=no physical abnormalities, o=brain damage
- nature of memory loss: d=triggered by trauma, o=specific brain regions/functions, slow decline
- presence of psycho factors: d=trauma cause, o=brain cause
- different treatment
- onset: o=gradual or sudden, d=spontaneous
25
Q
DID
A
- diagnosis: two or more identities, recurrent gaps in memory, disruption in identity, distress/impairment
- features: host personalty, alters, amnesia between identities, trauma as a factor, comorbidity
- treatment: psychotherapy (CBT, DBT, EMDR), medication (for symptoms), and collaboration and safety planning
26
Q
Depersonalization/ derealization disorder
A
- robot-like sensation
- chronic
- highly comorbid
- treatment: psychotherapy, medication, mindfulness/relaxation techniques, collaborative care
27
Q
causes for disassociation disorders
A
- trauma: adaptive response, diathesis stress formulation, genetic factors, neurobiological correlates, attachment
- socio cognitive: socially learned, cultural influence, skepticism
28
Q
feigned symptoms
A
exaggerating existing symptoms
29
Q
treatment for dissociative disorders
A
- medication
- hypnosis
- psychotherapy (must establish safety)
- neurosurgical (rTMS)
30
Q
somatic symptom and related disorders
A
- somatic symptom disorder (illness may or may not be present)
- illness anxiety (worry about serious illness w out actual illness present)
- functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion, affect voluntary motor/sensory function)
- factitious disorder (faking/inducing illness symptoms for attention/sympathy/care)
31
Q
conversion disorder
A
- no underlying medical condition, but loss of functioning in part of the body
- symptoms: motor/sensory deficit, seizure like behaviours
- medical evaluation for diagnosis after medical issue ruled out
- diagnosis criteria: inconsistencies overtime, unusual symptom patterns, physiological inconsistancies
- fMRI
32
Q
SSD
A
- somatic symtom disorder
- many somatic symptoms, may or may not be diagnosed with medical disease
- symptoms cause distress in life
- anxiety abt health/symptoms
- medical seeking behaviour
- sensitive to minor body symptoms (misinterpretation)
- long term process of illness and disease
33
Q
illness anxiety disorder
A
- fear of having disease even though they have no disease
- no bodily symptoms, only concerned with being ill
- illness preoccupation for at least 6 months
34
Q
factitious disorder
A
- munchausen
- fake symptoms or illness for sympathy/attention
- ## no external reward (insurance money)
35
Q
treatment of somatic disorders
A
- meds (antidepressants)
- psychotherapy
