chapter 11: substance addiction Flashcards
how many classes of substance abuse are there? what are they?
- 10
- alcohol
- caffeine
- cannabis
- inhalants
- sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics
- opioids
- tobacco
- stimulants
- hallucinogens
- other/unknown
how is substance use disorder measured (ranges)
- ranges in severity from mild to moderate to severe depending on the number of problem indicators
What are the four general groupings of indicators of substance use disorder
- impairment of control (lack of control, taking large amount for longer than planned)
-social impairment ( fail to fulfill major role obligations @work, home, school, etc., reduced involvement, prioritize substances, affect relationships) - risky use (substance use in hazardous situations)
- pharmacological dependence tolerance increase, suffering from withdrawal)
SUDs stands for substance ________ disorders (ex. Withdrawal, intoxication, etc.)
Induced
Drug potentiation def and why it occurs
- Potentiation: interaction between two (or more) substances that cause the total effect of the substances to be larger than sum of independent effects of each substance
- body metabolizes drugs through same mechanisms and can’t keep up
What non-substance related addiction is outlined in the dsm-5?
- Gambling disorder
General theory of addictions
- 3 phases in development of addictions
- phase 1: person learns substance/behaviour can reduce negative moods
- phase 2: cont-positive reinforcement leads to learned behaviours associated w/cont. use
- phase 3: dispute use’s harm, use is cont, to avoid negative food
What is the model that suggest ppl inherit/encounter different life experiences that increase addiction likelihood
Syndrome model
for genetic factors that lead to addiction which is more accurate:
a) due to multiple genes and pattern of genes
b) just the pattern of genes
c) a specific gene passed from the father or mother
d) metabolism from parents
a) or d)
behavioural disinhibition
- harder time inhibiting behavioural impulses
what are psychological reasons/traits associated with an addictive disorder
- behavioural disinhibition
- negative emotionality/neuroticism
- some use substances to cope with mental disorder symptoms
- the reinforcement that comes from substance use
sociocultural reasons for addiction
- social learning theory
- acculturation (adapting to culture you migrate to)
biphasic effect
- in small doses, alcohol produces euphoria but acts as a depressant in large doses
Dependence produced by ____ is thought to be even greater than that produced by other additive substances
nicotine
what is the most commonly abused opioid
heroin
