chapter 11: substance addiction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

how many classes of substance abuse are there? what are they?

A
  • 10
  • alcohol
  • caffeine
  • cannabis
  • inhalants
  • sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics
  • opioids
  • tobacco
  • stimulants
  • hallucinogens
  • other/unknown
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2
Q

how is substance use disorder measured (ranges)

A
  • ranges in severity from mild to moderate to severe depending on the number of problem indicators
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3
Q

What are the four general groupings of indicators of substance use disorder

A
  • impairment of control (lack of control, taking large amount for longer than planned)
    -social impairment ( fail to fulfill major role obligations @work, home, school, etc., reduced involvement, prioritize substances, affect relationships)
  • risky use (substance use in hazardous situations)
  • pharmacological dependence tolerance increase, suffering from withdrawal)
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4
Q

SUDs stands for substance ________ disorders (ex. Withdrawal, intoxication, etc.)

A

Induced

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5
Q

Drug potentiation def and why it occurs

A
  • Potentiation: interaction between two (or more) substances that cause the total effect of the substances to be larger than sum of independent effects of each substance
  • body metabolizes drugs through same mechanisms and can’t keep up
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6
Q

What non-substance related addiction is outlined in the dsm-5?

A
  • Gambling disorder
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7
Q

General theory of addictions

A
  • 3 phases in development of addictions
  • phase 1: person learns substance/behaviour can reduce negative moods
  • phase 2: cont-positive reinforcement leads to learned behaviours associated w/cont. use
  • phase 3: dispute use’s harm, use is cont, to avoid negative food
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8
Q

What is the model that suggest ppl inherit/encounter different life experiences that increase addiction likelihood

A

Syndrome model

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9
Q

for genetic factors that lead to addiction which is more accurate:
a) due to multiple genes and pattern of genes
b) just the pattern of genes
c) a specific gene passed from the father or mother
d) metabolism from parents

A

a) or d)

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10
Q

behavioural disinhibition

A
  • harder time inhibiting behavioural impulses
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11
Q

what are psychological reasons/traits associated with an addictive disorder

A
  • behavioural disinhibition
  • negative emotionality/neuroticism
  • some use substances to cope with mental disorder symptoms
  • the reinforcement that comes from substance use
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12
Q

sociocultural reasons for addiction

A
  • social learning theory
  • acculturation (adapting to culture you migrate to)
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13
Q

biphasic effect

A
  • in small doses, alcohol produces euphoria but acts as a depressant in large doses
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14
Q

Dependence produced by ____ is thought to be even greater than that produced by other additive substances

A

nicotine

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15
Q

what is the most commonly abused opioid

A

heroin

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16
Q

opioids mimic the effects of _________, the body’s natural painkillers

A

endogenous opiates

17
Q

t or f: fatalities for heroin can depend on the environment in which they are taken, even if dosage is the same

A

true

18
Q

treatment for substance use disorders

A
  • 28 day inpatient program
  • focused on abstinence
  • pharmacotherapy
  • mutual support groups
  • interventions, brief/telephone counselling, self help material, virtual support groups
  • CBT (first choice)
  • relaps prevention
  • family/marital therapy
19
Q

stimulants increase availability of neurotransmitters ______ _____ _____ in the brain

A

serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine